SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Colfive 5,000,000 IU/ml concentrate for oral solution for calves, pigs, lambs, chickens and turkeys[AT, CZ, DE, DK, EL, ES, FR, HU, IE, IT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SI, SK, UK]

Pluscolan 5,000,000 IU/ml concentrate for oral solution for calves, pigs, lambs, chickens and turkeys[BE]

2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Each ml contains:

Active substance:

Colistin (sulfate) 5,000,000 IU

Excipients:

Benzyl alcohol (E1519) 10 mg

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Concentrate for oral solution

Clear orange-brown solution

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Target species

Cattle (calves), pigs, sheep (lambs), chickens and turkeys

4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species

Calves, lambs, pigs, chickens, turkeys:

Treatment and metaphylaxis of enteric infections caused by non-invasive E. colisusceptible to colistin. The presence of the disease in the herd should be established before metaphylactic treatment.

4.3 Contraindications

Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to colistin or to any of the excipients.

Do not use in case of resistance to polymyxins.

Do not use in horses, particularly in foals, since colistin, due to a shift in the gastrointestinal microflora balance could lead to the development of antimicrobial associated colitis (Colitis X), typically associated with Clostridium difficile, which may be fatal.

4.4 Special warnings for each target species

As an adjunct to treatment, good management and hygiene practices should be introduced in order to reduce the risk of infection and to control the potential build up of resistance.

Colistin exerts concentration-dependent activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Following oral administration high concentrations are achieved in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the target site, due to the poor absorption of the substance. These factors indicate that a longer duration of treatment than the one indicated in section 4.9, leading to unnecessary exposure, is not recommended.

4.5 Special precautions for use

Special precautions for use in animals

Do not use colistin as a substitute for good management practices.

Colistin is a last resort drug in human medicine for treatment of infections caused by certain multi-drug resistant bacteria. In order to minimise any potential risk associated with widespread use of colistin, its use should be limited to treatment or treatment and metaphylaxis of diseases, and should not be used for prophylaxis.

Whenever possible, colistin should only be used based on susceptibility testing.

Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may lead to treatment failures and increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to colistin.

In the case of newborn animals and animals with severe gastrointestinal and renal disorders, systemic exposure to colistin may be increased. Neuro- and nephrotoxic alterations may occur.

Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

People with known hypersensitivity to polymyxins, such as colistin, should avoid contact with the veterinary medicinal product.

Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes while handling the product. The use of gloves and protective goggles while handling and dosing is recommended.

Wash splashes from skin immediately with soap and plenty of water.

In case of accidental eye exposure, wash with plenty of water and seek medical attention immediately and show the label to the physician.

If you develop symptoms following exposure such as skin rash, you should seek medical advice and show the physician this warning. Swelling of the face, lips or eyes or difficulty in breathing are more serious symptoms and require urgent medical attention.

Wash hands after use.

4.6 Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)

None known.

4.7 Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay

The safety of colistin during pregnancy, lactation or lay was not investigated in target species. However, colistin is poorly absorbed after oral administration, therefore the use of colistin during pregnancy, lactation or lay should not lead to particular problems. Use only accordingly to the benefit-risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian during these periods.

4.8 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

After oral administration of colistin sulfate interaction with anaesthetics and myorelaxants may not be excluded in individual cases. The combination with aminoglycosides and levamisole should be avoided. The effects of colistin sulfate may be antagonized by binary cations (iron, calcium, magnesium) and by unsaturated fatty acids and polyphosphates.

There is cross-resistance between colistin and polymyxin B.

4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration route

To be administered orally.

In drinking water/milk use

Calves, lambs, pigs:100 000 IU of colistin per kg body weight daily for 3-5 consecutive days in drinking water or milk (replacer) in calves, equivalent to 0.20 ml of the concentrate solution per 10 kg body weight per day for 3-5 days.

Chickens and turkeys:75 000 IU of colistin per kg body weight daily for 3-5 consecutive days in drinking water, equivalent to 15 ml of the concentrate solution per Ton of body weight per day for 3-5 days.

Duration of treatment should be limited to the minimum time necessary for the treatment of the disease.

Any medicated water which is not consumed within 24 hours should be discarded.

Any medicated milk which is not consumed within 6 hours should be discarded.

Direct oral administration to individual animals

The recommended daily dose should be divided into two if the product is to be administered directly into the mouth of the animal.

Prior to direct oral administration, the product should be diluted with a volume of drinking water equivalent to 2.5 x the volume of product concentrate to be administered.

Administration via drinking water

The intake of medicated water depends on the clinical condition of the animals. In order to obtain the correct dosage the concentration of colistin has to be adjusted accordingly. Carefully calculate the average body weight to be treated and the average daily water consumption before each treatment.

Medicated water should be made every day, immediately prior to provision.

The medicated water should be the only source of drinking water for the animals for the entire duration of the treatment period.

With the following formula, we can calculate an exact dosage:

• Administration without a dosing pump:

The treatment is distributed in a tank over a period of 24 hours, for 3-5 consecutive days.

The product is added to a volume of the drinking water corresponding to the volume consumed by the animals over the treatment period (24 hours) to achieve a dose of 100 000 IU of colistin per kg body weight for pigs, lambs and calves and 75 000 IU of colistin per kg body weight for chickens and turkeys.

• Administration via a dosing pump

The treatment is distributed over a period of 24 hours, for 3-5 consecutive days.

A dosing pump is used to add a stock solution at a pre-determined concentration to the drinking water.

4.10 Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary

None.

4.11 Withdrawal period

Calves, lambs and pigs

Meat and offal: 1 day

Chickens and turkeys

Meat and offal: 1 day

Eggs: Zero days

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Pharmacotherapeutic group: intestinal anti-infectives, antibiotics

ATCvet code: QA07AA10

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin class.

Colistin exerts a bactericidal action on susceptible bacteria strains by disruption of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leading to an alteration of cell permeability and then a leakage of intracellular materials.

Colistin is bactericidal and is primarily effective against a range of Gram negative bacteria, such as enterobacteriaceae and in particular Escherichia coli.

Colistin possesses virtually no activity against Gram positive bacteria and fungi.

Gram positive bacteria are naturally resistant to colistin as are some species of Gram negative bacteria such as Proteusand Serratia. However, acquired resistance of Gram negative enteric bacteria to colistin is rare and explained by a single step mutation.

In vitro susceptibility of Escherichia colistrains isolated from pigs and poultry to colistin has been determined, with the following MIC₅₀and MIC₉₀values:

	MIC50	MIC90
Escherichia coli from pigs	0.19 µg/ml	4.0 µg/ml
Escherichia coli from poultry	0.25 µg/ml	0.38 µg/ml

The sensitivity of Escherichia coliin cattle and sheep is similar to the sensitivity of pigs and poultry pathogens. These values were obtained in 2006.

Colistin exerts concentration-dependent activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Following oral administration high concentrations are achieved in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the target site, due to the poor absorption of the substance. These factors indicate that a longer duration of treatment leading to unnecessary exposure is not advised.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic particulars

Colistin (as sulfate) is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.

In contrast to the very low concentrations of colistin in serum and tissues, high and persistent amounts are present within the different sections of the gastro-intestinal tract.

No significant metabolism is observed.

Colistin is almost exclusively eliminated via the faeces.

Environmental properties

The active ingredient colistin sulfate is very persistent in soils.

6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Benzyl alcohol(E1519)

Sodium acetate anhydrous (E262)

Acetic acid glacial (E260)

Purified water

6.2 Incompatibilities

In the absence of compatibility studies, this veterinary medicinal product must not be mixed with other veterinary medicinal products.

6.3 Shelf life

Shelf life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 18 months.

Shelf life after first opening the immediate packaging: 3 months

Shelf life after reconstitution in water according to directions: 24 hours

Shelf life after reconstitution in milk according to directions: 6 hours

6.4. Special precautions for storage

This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.

6.5 Nature and composition of immediate packaging

The product is filled into high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with a nominal capacity of 100 ml, 1 l or 5 l. The bottles are heat-sealed with a polyethylene (PE) foil and are closed with a screw cap made of HDPE equipped with a security system to give an airtight sealing. The 5 litre bottle has an integrated handle.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal product should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

aniMedicaEspaña, S.L.U.

Esmeralda, 19

Esplugues de Llobregat

Barcelona

E-08950

Spain

8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

Vm 43173/4000

9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION

06 May 2015

10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

May 2015

PROHIBITION OF SALE, SUPPLY AND/OR USE

Veterinary medicinal product subject to prescription

Appproved: 06/05/2015