SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

Powerflox 50 mg/ml solution for injection for cattle, pigs, dogs and cats

1 ml of solution for injection contains:

Active substance:

Enrofloxacin 50 mg

Excipient(s):

n-butyl alcohol as antimicrobial preservative 30 mg

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

Solution for injection

Clear yellow solution practically free from particles.

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Target species

Cattle (calves), pigs, dogs and cats.

4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species

Calves:

Treatment of infections of the respiratory tract caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolyticaand Mycoplasmaspp.

Treatment of infections of the alimentary tract caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Escherichia coli.

Treatment of septicaemia caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Escherichia coli.

Treatment of acute mycoplasma-associated arthritis due to enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Mycoplasma bovis.

Pigs:

Treatment of infections of the respiratory tract caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasmaspp. and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

Treatment of infections of the alimentary tract caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Escherichia coli.

Treatment of septicaemia caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Escherichia coli.

Dogs:

Treatment of infections of the alimentary, respiratory and urogenital tracts (including prostatitis, adjunctive antibiotic therapy for pyometra), skin and wound infections, otitis (externa/media) caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Staphylococcusspp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurellaspp., Klebsiellaspp., Bordetellaspp., Pseudomonasspp. and Proteusspp.

Cats:

Treatment of infections of the alimentary, respiratory and urogenital tracts (as adjunctive antibiotic therapy for pyometra), skin and wound infections, caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of, e.g.: Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp.

4.3 Contraindications

Do not use for prophylaxis.

Do not use in case of resistance against quinolones.

Do not use in case of disturbances in growth of cartilages and/or during injury of locomotory system particularly on functionally loaded joints or due to body weight loaded joints.

Do not use in dogs less than 1 year of age or in exceptionally large breeds with a longer growth period under 18 months of age, as articular cartilage may be affected during the period of rapid growth.

Do not use in dogs with CNS disturbances.

Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance, or to any of the excipients.

Do not use in cats less than 8 weeks of age.

Do not use in growing horses because of possible deleterious damage on articular cartilage.

4.4 Special warnings for each target species

None.

4.5 Special precautions for use

i. Special precautions for use in animals

Use of the product should be based on susceptibility testing and take into account official and local antimicrobial policies.

Fluoroquinolones should be reseved for the treatment of clinical conditions which have responded poorly, or are expected to respond poorly, to other classes of antimicrobials.

It is prudent to reserve enrofloxacin for the treatment of clinical conditions which have responded poorly to other classes of antimicrobials.

Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to the fluoroquinolones and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other quinolones due to potential for cross resistance.

Treatment should not be repeated if an allergic reaction occurs.

Enrofloxacin is partially excreted through the kidney. In the case of the kidney’s functional failure slower excretion should be taken into account.

Degenerative changes of articular cartilage were observed in calves treated orally with 30 mg enrofloxacin/kg bw during 14 days.

The use of enrofloxacin in growing lambs at the recommended dose for 15 days caused histological changes in the articular cartilage, not associated with clinical signs.

Do not re-inject into the same injection site.

The cap may be safely punctured up to 40 times. When treating groups of animals, use a draw-off needle.

Only the 50 ml vial should be used to treat dogs, cats and small piglets.

Retinotoxic effects including blindness can occur in cat when the recommended dose is exceeded.

ii. Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

People with known hypersensitivity to (fluoro)quinolones should avoid any contact with the product.

Direct contact with the skin should be avoided because of sensitisation, contact dermatitis and possible hypersensitivity reactions.

Wear gloves.

This product is an alkaline solution.

Wash any splashes from skin and eyes immediately with water.

Do not eat, drink or smoke whilst using the product.

Care should be taken to avoid accidental self-injection. If accidental injection occurs, seek medical advice immediately.

Wash hands after use.

4.6 Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)

Local tissue reactions may occasionally occur at the injection site.

Occasionally skin reactions have been seen after administration in kennelled greyhounds.

In cattle and dogs, gastrointestinal disturbances may occasionally occur.

Administering to young animals in their growth period could cause cartilage lesions in the joints.

4.7 Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay

Do not use in bitches or queens during pregnancyand lactation.

4.8 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

When combined with macrolide antibiotics, tetracyclines and chloramphenicol (dog) enrofloxacin may produce an antagonistic effect.

Theophylline clearance will be reduced.

Care should be taken during the concomitant use of flunixin and enrofloxacin in dogs to avoid adverse drug reactions. The decrease in drug clearances as a result of co-administration of flunixin and enrofloxacin indicates that these substances interact during the elimination phase. Thus, in dogs, the co-administration of enrofloxacin and flunixin increased the AUC and the elimination half-life of flunixin and increased the elimination half-life and reduced the C_maxof enrofloxacin.

4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration route

Intravenous, subcutaneous or intramuscular use.

Repeated injections should be made at different injection sites.

To ensure a correct dosage, body weight (bw) should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdosing.

Calves:

5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, once daily for 3-5 days.

Acute mycoplasma-associated arthritis due to enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Mycoplasma bovis: 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, once daily for 5 days.

The product can be administered by slow intravenous or subcutaneous administration.

Not more than 10 ml should be administered at one subcutaneous injection.

Pigs:

2.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 0.5 ml/10 kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 3 days.

Alimentary tract infection or septicaemia caused by Escherichia coli: 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 3 days.

In pigs, the injection should be made in the neck at the ear base.

Not more than 3 ml should be administered at one intramuscular injection site.

Dogs and cats:

5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, daily by subcutaneous injection for up to 5 days.

Treatment may be initiated with injectable product and maintained with enrofloxacin tablets. Duration of treatment should be based on the duration of treatment approved for the appropriate indication in the SPC of the tablet product.

If there is no clinical improvement within two to three days, further susceptibility testing and possibly a change in antimicrobial therapy should be considered.

Do not exceed the recommended dose.

Normal sterile precautions should be taken.

4.10 Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary

In target animal studies, cats have been shown to suffer ocular damage after receiving doses of more than 15 mg/kg once daily for 21 consecutive days. Doses of 30mg/kg given once daily for 21 consecutive days have been shown to cause irreversible ocular damage. At 50 mg/kg given once daily for 21 consecutive days, blindness can occur.

Do not exceed the recommended dose. In accidental overdose there is no antidote and treatment should be symptomatic.

4.11 Withdrawal periods

Calves:

Following intravenous injection: Meat and offal: 5 days.

Following subcutaneous injection: Meat and offal: 12 days.

Not authorised for use in animals producing milk for human consumption.

Pigs:

Meat and offal: 13 days

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Pharmacotherapeutic group: quinolone and quinoxaline antibacterials, fluoroquinolones

ATCvet code:QJ01MA90

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Mode of action

Two enzymes essential in DNA replication and transcription, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, have been identified as the molecular targets of fluoroquinolones. Target inhibition is caused by noncovalent binding of fluoroquinolone molecules to these enzymes. Replication forks and translational complexes cannot proceed beyond such enzyme-DNA-fluoroquinolone complexes, and inhibition of DNA and mRNA synthesis triggers events resulting in a rapid, drug concentration-dependent killing of pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action of enrofloxacin is bactericidal and bactericidal activity is concentration dependent.

Antibacterial spectrum

Enrofloxacin is active against many Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella spp. (e.g. Pasteurella multocida), Bordetella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) and against Mycoplasma spp. at the recommended therapeutic doses.

Types and mechanisms of resistance

Resistance to fluoroquinolones has been reported to arise from five sources, (i) point mutations in the genes encoding for DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV leading to alterations of the respective enzyme, (ii) alterations of drug permeability in Gram-negative bacteria, (iii) efflux mechanisms, (iv) plasmid mediated resistance and (v) gyrase protecting proteins. All mechanisms lead to a reduced susceptibility of the bacteria to fluoroquinolones. Cross-resistance within the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobials is common.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic particulars

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin are such that both oral and parenteral administration lead to similar serum levels. Enrofloxacin possesses a high distribution volume. Tissue levels 2-3 times higher than that found in the serum have been demonstrated in laboratory animals and target species. Organs in which high levels can be expected are the lungs, liver, kidney, bone and lymphatic system.

Enrofloxacin also distributes into the cerebrospinal fluid, the aqueous humour and the foetus in pregnant animals.

6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

n-butyl alcohol

Potassium hydroxide

Water for injections

6.2 Incompatibilities

None known.

6.3 Shelf life

Shelf-life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 5 years

Shelf-life after first opening the immediate packaging:: 28 days

6.4 Special precautions for storage

Do not store above 25C.

Keep the vial in the outer carton in order to protect from light.

6.5 Nature and composition of immediate packaging

Cardboard box with 1 amber Type I glass vial of 50 or 100 ml with a grey bromobutyl rubber stopper and aluminium cap.

Cardboard box with 1 amber Type II glass vial of 50 or 100 ml with a grey bromobutyl rubber stopper and aluminium cap.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal product should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Virbac S.A.

1ère avenue - 2065m - L.I.D.

06516 Carros Cedex

France

8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

Vm05653/4146

9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION

Date: 22 July 2009

10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

Date: November 2014

Approved: 18 December 2014