SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Senna Laxative Tablets

Boots Natural Senna Laxative Tablets

Almus Senna 7.5mg Tablets

2    QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Each tablet contains Alexandrian Senna fruit (Cassia senna L. (C. acutifolia Delile) fruit) corresponding to 7.5 mg hydroxyanthracene glycosides, calculated as sennoside B

3    PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Tablet

A plain greenish-brown round tablet

4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Therapeutic indications

For short term relief of occasional constipation.

4.2 Posology and method of administration

For oral use only

The maximum daily dose of hydroxyanthracene glycosides is 15 mg. This is equivalent to 2 tablets.

The correct individual dose is the smallest required to produce a comfortable soft-formed motion.

Adults, the elderly and children over 12 years: 2 tablets

Children 6-12 years: 1 tablet

Children under 6 years: Not recommended

The tablets should be taken at bedtime and the dose should be decreased as the bowel habit becomes regular.

Normally it is sufficient to take this product for up to two to three times a week.

Duration of use

Use for more than 1 week requires medical supervision.

If there is no bowel movement after three days a doctor should be consulted.

If symptoms persist during the use of the medicinal product, a doctor or a qualified healthcare practitioner should be consulted.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Cases of intestinal obstructions and stenosis, atony, appendicitis, inflammatory colon diseases (e.g. Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) abdominal pain of unknown origin, severe dehydration state with water and electrolyte depletion. Children under 6 years of age.

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Do not exceed the stated dose.

Prolonged use may precipitate the onset of an atonic, non-functioning colon. Prolonged and excessive use may lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalance and hypokalaemia.

Intestinal loss of fluids may promote dehydration. Symptoms may include thirst and oliguria.

Laxatives do not help in long-term weight loss.

Patients taking cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic medicinal products, medicinal products inducing QT-prolongation, diuretics, adrenocorticosteroids or liquorice root, have to consult a doctor before taking senna pods concomitantly.

Like all laxatives, senna pods should not be taken by patients suffering from faecal impaction and undiagnosed acute or persistent gastro-intestinal complaints, e.g. abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, unless advised by a doctor, because these symptoms can be signs of potential or existing intestinal blockage (ileus).

If laxatives are needed every day the cause of the constipation should be investigated. Long-term use of laxatives should be avoided.

If stimulant laxatives are taken for longer than a brief period of treatment, this may lead to impaired function of the intestine and dependence on laxatives. Senna pod preparations should only be used if a therapeutic effect cannot be achieved by a change of diet or the administration of bulk forming agents.

When administering this product to incontinent adults, pads should be changed more frequently to prevent extended skin contact with faeces.

Patients with kidney disorders should be aware of possible electrolyte imbalance.

If the symptoms persist during the use of the medicinal product, a doctor or a pharmacist should be consulted.

4.5    Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Hypokalaemia (resulting from long-term laxative abuse) potentiates the action of cardiac glycosides and interacts with antiarrhythmic medicinal products, which induce reversion to sinus rhythm (e.g. quinidine) and with medicinal products inducing QT-prolongation. Concomitant use with other medicinal products inducing hypokalaemia (e.g. diuretics, adrenocorticosteroids and liquorice root) may enhance electrolyte imbalance.

4.6    Fertility, pregnancy and lactation Pregnancy

There are no reports of undesirable or damaging effects during pregnancy and on the foetus when used at the recommended dosage schedule.

However, as a consequence of experimental data concerning a genotoxic risk of several anthranoids, e.g. emodin and aloe-emodin, use is not recommended during pregnancy.

Lactation

Use during breastfeeding is not recommended as there are insufficient data on the excretion of metabolites in breast milk.

Small amounts of active metabolites (rhein) are excreted in breast milk. A laxative effect in breast fed babies has not been reported.

Studies on the effects on fertility have not been carried out.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

No studies on the effect on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed.

4.8 Undesirable effects

Hypersensitivity reactions (pruritis, urticaria, local or generalized exanthema) may occur.

This product may produce abdominal pain and spasm and passage of liquid stools, in particular in patients with irritable colon. However, these symptoms may also occur generally as a consequence of individual overdose. In such cases dose reduction is necessary.

Chronic use may lead to disorders in water equilibrium and electrolyte metabolism and may result in albuminuria and haematuria. Furthermore, chronic use may cause pigmentation of the intestinal mucosa (pseudomelanosis coli) which usually recedes when the patient stops taking the preparation.

Yellow or red-brown (pH dependent) discolouration of urine by metabolites, which is not clinically significant, may occur during the treatment. The frequency is not known.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

4.9 Overdose

The major symptoms of overdose/abuse are griping pain and severe diarrhoea with consequent losses of fluid and electrolytes, which should be replaced. Diarrhoea may especially cause potassium depletion, which may lead to cardiac disorders and muscular asthenia, particularly where cardiac glycosides, diuretics, adrenocorticosteroids or liquorice root are being taken at the same time.

Treatment should be supportive with generous amounts of fluid. Electrolytes, especially potassium, should be monitored. This is especially important in the elderly.

Chronic ingested overdoses of anthranoid containing medicinal products may lead to toxic hepatitis.

5    PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1    Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmaco-therapeutic group: contact laxatives ATC-code: A 06 AB

1, 8-dihydroxyanthracene derivatives possess a laxative effect. The P-O-linked glycosides (sennosides) are not absorbed in the upper gut; they are converted by bacteria of the large intestine into the active metabolite (rhein anthrone). There are two different mechanisms of action:

1.    stimulation of the motility of the large intestine resulting in accelerated colonic transit.

2.    influence on secretion processes by two concomitant mechanisms viz. inhibition of absorption of water and electrolytes (Na+, Cl-) into the colonic

epithelial cells (antiabsorptive effect) and increase of the leakiness of the tight junctions and stimulation of secretion of water and electrolytes into the lumen of the colon (secretagogue effect) resulting in enhanced concentrations of fluid and electrolytes in the lumen of the colon.

Defaecation takes place after a delay of 8 - 12 hours due to the time taken for transport to the colon and metabolisation into the active compound.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

The P-O-linked glycosides (sennosides) are neither absorbed in the upper gut nor split by human digestive enzymes. They are converted by the bacteria of the large intestine into the active metabolite (rhein anthrone). Aglyca are absorbed in the upper gut. Animal experiments with radio-labeled rhein anthrone administered directly into the caecum demonstrated absorption < 10%. In contact with oxygen, rhein anthrone is oxidised into rhein and sennidins, which can be found in the blood, mainly in the form of glucuronides and sulphates. After oral administration of sennosides, 3 - 6% of the metabolites are excreted in urine; some are excreted in bile.

Most of the sennosides (ca. 90%) are excreted in faeces as polymers (polyquinones) together with 2 - 6% of unchanged sennosides, sennidins, rhein anthrone and rhein. In human pharmacokinetic studies with senna pods powder (20 mg sennosides), administered orally for 7 days, a maximum concentration of 100 ng rhein/ml was found in the blood. An accumulation of rhein was not observed. Active metabolites, e.g. rhein, pass in small amounts into breast milk. Animal experiments demonstrated that placental passage of rhein is low.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

Most data refer to extracts containing 1.4 to 3.5% of anthranoids, corresponding to 0.9 to 2.3% of potential rhein, 0.05 to 0.15% of potential aloe-emodin and 0.001 to 0.006% of potential emodin or isolated active constituents, e.g. rhein or sennosides A and B. The acute toxicity of senna pods, specified extracts thereof, as well as of sennosides in rats and mice was low after oral treatment. As a result of investigations with parenteral application in mice, extracts are supposed to possess a higher toxicity than purified glycosides, possibly due to the content of aglyca. In a 90-day rat study, senna pods were administered at dose levels from 100 mg/kg of up to 1,500 mg/kg. The tested drug contained 1.83 % sennosides A-D, 1.6 % potential rhein, 0.11 % potential aloe-emodin and 0.014 % potential emodin.

In all groups epithelial hyperplasia of the large intestine of minor degree was found and was reversible within the 8-week recovery period. The hyperplastic lesions of the forestomach epithelium were reversible as well. Dose-dependent tubular basophilia and epithelial hypertrophy of the kidneys were seen at a dose of, or greater than 300 mg/kg per day without functional affection. These changes were also reversible. Storage of a brown tubular pigment led to a dark discoloration of the renal surface and still remained to a lesser degree after the recovery period. No alterations were seen in the colonic nervous plexus. A noobservable-effect-level (NOEL) could not be obtained in this study. A 104-week study on rats of both genders did not reveal any carcinogenic effects with the same senna pods preparation at oral dosages of up to 300 mg/kg.

In addition a specified senna extract given orally for 2 years was not carcinogenic in male or female rats. The extract investigated contained approximately 40.8% of anthranoids from which 35% were sennosides, corresponding to about 25.2% of potential rhein, 2.3% of potential aloe-emodin and 0.007% of potential emodin and 142 ppm free aloe-emodin and 9 ppm free emodin.

Further 2-year studies on male and female rats and mice with emodin gave no evidence of carcinogenic activity for male rats and female mice, and equivocal evidence for female rats and male mice. Sennosides displayed no specific toxicity when tested at doses up to 500 mg/kg in dogs for 4 weeks and up to 100 mg/kg in rats for 6 months.

There was no evidence of any embryolethal, teratogenic or foetotoxic actions in rats or rabbits after oral treatment with sennosides. Furthermore, there was no effect on the postnatal development of young rats, on rearing behaviour of dams or on male and female fertility in rats. Data for herbal preparations are not available.

An extract and aloe-emodin were mutagenic in in vitro tests, sennoside A, B and rhein gave negative results. Comprehensive in vivo examinations of a defined extract of senna pods were negative.

Laxative use as a risk factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in some clinical trials. Some studies revealed a risk for CRC associated with the use of anthraquinone-containing laxatives, some studies did not. However, a risk was also revealed for constipation itself and underlying dietary habits. Further investigations are needed to assess the carcinogenic risk definitely.

6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Tricalcium phosphate 118 Magnesium stearate Maize starch

6.2 Incompatibilities

Shelf life

None known

6.4 Special precautions for storage

Glass bottle: Do not store above 25°C. Store in original package. Blister: Do not store above 25 °C. Store in original package.

PET: None

6.5 Nature and contents of container

1.    Amber glass bottle, unlined polypropylene cap Pack size: 50, 100, 200

2.    Amber glass bottle, polypropylene cap with IHS liner faced with surlyn/aluminium or polyethylene/aluminium.

Pack size: 50, 100, 200

3.    HDPE bottle with polypropylene cap with IHS liner faced with surlyn/aluminium or polyethylene/aluminium.

Pack size: 50, 100, 200

4.    HDPE bottle with polypropylene cap with waxed aluminium faced liner.

Pack size: 50, 100, 200

5.    PVC/PVDC aluminium foil blister.

Pack size: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100

6.6 Special precautions for disposal

Not applicable.

7    MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

The Boots Company PLC 1 Thane Road West Nottingham NG2 3AA

Trading as: BCM

8    MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

PL 00014/5375R

9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

PL 00014/5375R

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

15/06/2015