SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1    NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Anadin Extra Soluble Tablets

2    QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Active Ingredients:

Aspirin BP    300 mg/tablet

Paracetamol Ph Eur    200 mg/tablet

Caffeine Citrate    90 mg/tablet

Equivalent to Caffeine Ph Eur 45 mg/tablet

For excipients see section 6.1

3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Soluble tablet for oral administration.

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1. Therapeutic indications

For the treatment of mild to moderate pain including headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache, sore throat, period pains, symptomatic relief of sprains, strains, rheumatic pain, sciatica, lumbago, fibrositis, muscular aches and pains, joint swelling and stiffness, influenza, feverishness and feverish colds.

4.2 Posology and method of administration

Adults, the elderly and young persons aged 16 and over:

2 tablets every 4 hours to a maximum of 8 tablets in 24 hours.

Do not give to children aged under 16 years, unless specifically indicated (e.g. for Kawasaki’s disease).

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the active ingredients or any of the other constituents.

Peptic ulceration and those with a history of peptic ulceration; haemophilia concurrent anti-coagulant therapy; children under 16 years and when breast feeding because of possible risk of Reye's Syndrome.

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Caution should be exercised in patients with asthma, allergic disease, impairment of hepatic or renal function (avoid if severe) and dehydration. The hazards of overdose are greater in those with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease.

Do not take if you have a stomach ulcer.

Do not take more medicine than the label tells you to. If you do not get better, talk to your doctor.

Do not take anything else containing paracetamol while taking this medicine.

Talk to your doctor at once if you take too much of this medicine, even if you feel well. This is because too much paracetamol can cause delayed, serious liver damage.

There is a possible association between aspirin and Reye’s syndrome when given to children. Reye’s syndrome is a very rare disease which affects the brain and liver, and can be fatal. For this reason aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years unless specifically indicated (e.g. Kawasaki’s disease).

Patients should be advised that paracetamol may cause severe skin reactions. If a skin reaction such as skin reddening, blisters, or rash occurs, they should stop use and seek medical assistance right away.

This medicine contains aspartame (a source of phenylalanine), which may be harmful for people with phenylketonuria (PKU).

Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance; the Lapp lactose deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should be advised not to take this medicine.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Aspirin

Other NSAIDS and corticosteroids: Concurrent use of other NSAIDs or corticosteroids may increase the likelihood of GI side effects.

Anticoagulants: Increased risk of bleeding due to antiplatelet effect.

Metoclopramide: Metoclopramide increases the rate of absorption of aspirin. However, concurrent use need not be avoided.

Phenytoin: The effect of phenytoin may be enhanced by aspirin. However, no special precautions are needed.

Valproate: The effect of valproate may be enhanced by aspirin.

Methotrexate: Delayed excretion and increased toxicity of methotrexate.

Paracetamol:

Cholestyramine:    The speed of absorption of paracetamol is reduced by

cholestyramine. Therefore the cholestyramine should not be taken within one hour if maximal analgesia is required.

Metoclopramide and Domperidone: The speed of absorption of paracetamol is increased by metoclopramide and domperidone. However, concurrent use need not be avoided.

Warfarin: The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular use of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect.

Chloramphenicol: Increased plasma concentration of chloramphenicol.

4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

There is clinical and epidemiological evidence of safety of aspirin in pregnancy, but it may prolong labour and contribute to maternal and neonatal bleeding, and so should not be used in late pregnancy.

Aspirin appears in breast milk, and regular high doses may affect neonatal clotting. Not recommended while breast feeding due to possible risk of Reye's Syndrome as well as neonatal bleeding due to hypoprothrombinaemia.

Epidemiological studies in human pregnancy have shown no ill effects due to paracetamol used in the recommended dosage, but patients should follow the advice of their doctor regarding its use.

Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount. Available published data do not contraindicate breast feeding.

Caffeine appears in breast milk. Irritability and poor sleeping pattern in the infant have been reported.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

None known.

4.8 Undesirable effects

Side effects are mild and infrequent, but there is a high incidence of gastrointestinal irritation with slight asymptomatic blood loss. Increased bleeding time. Aspirin may precipitate bronchospasm and induce asthma attacks or other hypersensitivity reactions, such as skin reactions (including angioedema and face oedema) in susceptible individuals.

Aspirin may induce gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, occasionally major. It may precipitate gout in susceptible individuals. Possible risk of Reye's Syndrome in children under 16 years.

Adverse effects of paracetamol are rare. Very rare cases of serious skin reactions have been reported. There have been reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia purpura, methaemoglobinaemia and agranulocytosis, but these were not necessarily causality related to paracetamol.

High doses of caffeine can cause tremor and palpitations.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

4.9 Overdose

This product contains both paracetamol and aspirin, and as such, any overdose events should be assessed using information available on both active substances.

Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol.

Adults who have consumed more than 5g of paracetamol, may experience liver damage if they have one of the following risk factors:

•    long term treatment with either anti-infectives, anti-epileptics or St John’s Wort, or any other drugs that induce liver enzymes

•    regular consumption of ethanol in excess of recommended amounts

•    likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorder, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.

Salicylate poisoning is usually associated with plasma concentrations >350mg/L (2.5mmol/L). Most adult deaths occur in patients whose concentrations exceed 700mg/L (5.1mmol/L).

Single doses less than 100mg/kg are unlikely to cause serious poisoning.

Symptoms: Common features exist for both active substances when taken in overdose, but these can be tabulated as follows:

Paracetamol	Aspirin	Caffeine
Within the first 24 hours: Pallor, Nausea Vomiting, Anorexia	Common: Vomiting, Dehydration, Tinnitus, Vertigo, Deafness Sweating	Other symptoms of overdosage, associated with the caffeine component, include: CNS stimulation;

There may be few or no initial symptoms, and these can be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour.

Plasma paracetamol concentrations should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable).

Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol; however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital.

Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction, or are under 10 years or over 70, beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) or a liver unit.

Salicylates:

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if salicylate plasma concentration is greater than 250mg/kg.

Plasma salicylate concentrations should be measured although the severity of poisoning cannot be determined from this alone and the clinical and biochemical features must be taken into account.

Elimination of aspirin is increased by urinary alkalinisation, which is achieved by the administration of 1.26% sodium bicarbonate. The urine pH should be monitored. Metabolic acidosis should be corrected with intravenous 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (first check serum potassium). Forced diuresis should not be used since it does not enhance salicylate excretion and may cause pulmonary oedema.

Haemodialysis is the treatment of choice for severe poisoning and should be considered in patients with plasma salicylate concentrations >700mg/L (5.1mmol/L), or lower concentrations associated with severe clinical or metabolic features.

Patients under 10 years or over 70 years of age may be at an increased risk of salicylate toxicity and may require dialysis at an earlier stage.

Caffeine:

Treatment of caffeine overdose is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Diuresis should be treated by maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and CNS symptoms can be controlled by intravenous administration of diazepam.

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 5.1. Pharmacodynamic properties

ASPIRIN

Salicylates inhibit the activity of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Although many of the therapeutic effects may result from inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (and consequent reduction of prostaglandin activity) in various tissues, other actions may also contribute significantly to the therapeutic effects.

Analgesic

Produces analgesia through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation and via a central action, possibly in the hypothalamus.

Anti-inflammatory (Non-steroidal)

Exact mechanisms have not been determined. Salicylates may act peripherally in inflamed tissue probably by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and possibly by inhibiting the synthesis and/or actions of other mediators of the inflammatory response.

Antipyretic

May produce antipyresis by acting centrally on the hypothalamic heat regulating centre to produce peripheral vasodilation resulting in increased cutaneous blood flow, sweating and heat loss.

PARACETAMOL

Mechanism of action/effect

Analgesic - the mechanism of analgesic action has not been fully determined. Paracetamol may act predominantly by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS) and, to a lesser extent, through a peripheral action by blocking pain-impulse generation.

The peripheral action may also be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or to inhibition of the synthesis or actions of other substances that sensitize pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation.

Antipyretic - paracetamol probably produces antipyresis by acting centrally on the hypothalamic heat-regulation centre to produce peripheral vasodilation resulting in increased blood flow through the skin, sweating, and heat loss.

The central action probably involves inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalamus.

CAFFEINE

Central nervous system stimulant - caffeine stimulates all levels of the CNS, although its cortical effects are milder and of shorter duration than those of amphetamines.

Analgesia adjunct

Caffeine constricts cerebral vasculature with an accompanying decrease in the cerebral blood flow and in the oxygen tension of the brain. It is believed that caffeine helps to relieve headache by providing more rapid onset on action and/or enhanced pain relief with lower doses of analgesic. Recent studies with ergotamine indicate that the enhancement of effect by the addition of caffeine may also be due to improved gastrointestinal absorption of ergotamine when administered with caffeine.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

ASPIRIN

Absorption and fate

Absorption is generally rapid and complete following oral administration. It is largely hydrolysed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and blood to salicylate which is further metabolised primarily in the liver.

PARACETAMOL

Absorption and Fate

Paracetamol is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring about 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion. It is metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine mainly as the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Less than 5% is excreted as unchanged paracetamol. The elimination half-life varies from about 1 to 4 hours. Plasma-protein binding is negligible at usual therapeutic concentrations but increases with increasing concentrations.

A minor hydroxylated metabolite which is usually produced in very small amounts by mixed-function oxidases in the liver and which is usually detoxified by conjugation with liver glutathione may accumulate following paracetamol overdosage and cause liver damage.

CAFFEINE

Absorption and fate

Caffeine is completely and rapidly absorbed after oral administration with peak concentrations occurring between 5 and 90 minutes after dose in fasted subjects. There is no evidence of pre-systemic metabolism. Elimination is almost entirely by hepatic metabolism in adults.

In adults, marked individual variability in the rate of elimination occurs. The mean plasma elimination half life is 4.9 hours with a range of 1.9 - 12.2 hours. Caffeine distributes into all body fluids. The mean plasma protein binding of caffeine is 35%.

Caffeine is metabolised almost completely via oxidation, demethylation and acetylation and is excreted in the urine. The major metabolites are 1-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine).

Minor metabolites include 1-methyluric acid and 5-acetylamino-6-formyl amino-3-methluracil (AFMU).

5.3. Preclinical safety data

The active ingredients in Anadin Extra Soluble Tablets have a well established safety record. The combination of ingredients has been marketed for a number of years.

6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1    List of excipients

Citric Acid Anhydrous Calcium Carbonate Lactose

Microcrystalline Cellulose Maize Starch

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Lemon Flavour 6334 Saccharin Sodium Aspartame

Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate Water

Pregelatinised Starch Polyvinylpyrollidone Potato Starch Colloidal Silicon Dioxide

6.2    Incompatibilities

None known.

6.3    Shelf life

2 years

6.4    Special precautions for storage

Do not store above 25°C.

6.5    Nature and contents of container

Blisters of cold-formable bottom foil: PA 25 pm / Aluminium foil 47 pm /PVC 60pm, with a soft aluminium 25 pm foil lid.

or

Blisters of cold-formable bottom foil: PA 25 pm / Aluminium foil 47 pm /PVC 60pm, with an aluminium 9pm / glassine paper 35g/sqm. foil lid.

The blisters are packed into cardboard cartons with a patient information leaflet in pack sizes of 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 32.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6    Special precautions for disposal

Tablets should be dissolved in water.

7    MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Ltd

Ramsgate Road

Sandwich

Kent

CT13 9NJ United Kingdom

8    MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

PL 00165/0075

9    DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

13/12/1991

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

05/02/2016