Co-Cyprindiol 2000/35 Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
▼ This medicinal product is subject to additional monitoring. This will allow quick identification of new safety information. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions. See section 4.8 for how to report adverse reactions.
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Co-cyprindiol 2000/35 Tablets
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Cyproterone acetate 2 milligrams and ethinylestradiol 35 micrograms.
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Film-coated tablet.
Yellow, round biconvex tablets.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Treatment of moderate to severe acne related to androgen-sensitivity (with or without seborrhea) and/or hirsutism, in woman of reproductive age.
For the treatment of acne, Co-cyprindiol should only be used after topical therapy or systemic antibiotic treatments have failed. Since Co-cyprindiol is also a hormonal contraceptive, it should not be used in combination with other hormonal contraception’s (see section 4.3).
Although Co-Cyprindiol also acts as an oral contraceptive, it should not be used in woman solely for contraception, but should be reserved for those women requiring treatment for the androgen-dependant conditions described.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Co-cyprindiol inhibits ovulation and thereby prevents conception. Patients who are using co-cyprindiol should not therefore use an additional hormonal contraceptive, as this will expose the patient to an excessive dose of hormones and is not necessary for effective contraception. Duration of Use
Time to relieve of symptoms is at least three months. The need to continue treatment should be evaluated periodically by the treating physician.
Method of administration First treatment course:
One tablet daily for 21 days, starting on the first day of the menstrual cycle (the first day of menstruation counting as Day 1).
Subsequent courses:
Each subsequent course is started after 7 tablet-free days have followed the preceding course. When the contraceptive action of co-cyprindiol is also to be employed, it is essential that the above instructions be rigidly adhered to. Should bleeding fail to occur during the tablet-free interval, the possibility of pregnancy must be excluded before the next pack is started.
When changing from an oral contraceptive and relying on the contraceptive action of co-cyprindiol, the instructions given below should be followed:
Changing from 21-day combined oral contraceptives:
The first tablet of co-cyprindiol should be taken on the first day immediately after the end of the previous oral contraceptive course. Additional contraceptive precautions are not required. Changing from a combined Every Day pill (28 day tablets):
Co-cyprindiol should be started after taking the last active tablet from the Every Day Pill pack. The first co-cyprindiol tablet is taken the next day. Additional contraceptive precautions are not then required.
Changing from a progestogen-only pill (POP):
The first tablet of co-cyprindiol should be taken on the first day of bleeding, even if a POP has already been taken on that day. Additional contraceptive precautions are not then required. The remaining progestogen-only pills should be discarded.
Post-partum and post-abortum use:
After pregnancy, co-cyprindiol can be started 21 days after a vaginal delivery, provided that the patient is fully ambulant and there are no puerperal complications. Additional contraceptive precautions will be required for the first 7 days of pill
taking. Since the first post-partum ovulation may precede the first bleeding, another method of contraception should be used in the interval between childbirth and the
first course of tablets. Lactation is contra-indicated with co-cyprindiol. After a first-trimester abortion, co-cyprindiol may be started immediately in which case no additional contraceptive precautions are required.
Length of use
Complete remission of acne is to be expected in nearly all cases, often within month, but in particular severe cases treatment for longer may be necessary before the full benefit is see. It is recommended that treatment be withdrawn 3 to 4 cycles after the
indicated conditions(s) has/have completely resolved and that co-cyprindiol is not continued solely to provide oral contraception. Repeat courses of co-cyprindiol may be given if the androgen-dependent condition(s) recur.
Special circumstances requiring additional contraception Incorrect administration:
A single delayed tablet should be taken as soon as possible, and if this can be done within 12 hours of the correct time, contraceptive protection is maintained. With longer delays, additional contraception is needed. Only the most recently delayed tablet should be taken, earlier missed tablets being omitted, and additional non- hormonal methods of contraception (except the rhythm or temperature methods)
should be used for the next 7 days, while the next 7 tablets are being taken. Additionally, therefore, if tablet(s) have been missed during the last 7 days of a pack,
there should be no break before the next pack is started. In this situation, a withdrawal bleed should not be expected until the end of the second pack. Some breakthrough bleeding may occur on tablet taking days but this is not clinically significant. If the patient does not have a withdrawal bleed during the tablet-free interval following the end of the second pack, the possibility of pregnancy must be ruled out before starting the next pack.
Gastro -intestinal upset:
Vomiting or diarrhoea may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives by preventing full absorption. Tablet taking from the current pack should be continued. Additional nonhormonal methods of contraception (except the rhythm or temperature methods) should be used during the gastro-intestinal upset and for 7 days following the upset. If these 7 days overrun the end of a pack, the next pack should be started without a break. In this situation, a withdrawal bleed should not be expected until the end of the second pack. If the patient does not have a withdrawal bleed during the tablet-free interval following the end of the second pack, the possibility of pregnancy must be ruled out before starting the next pack. Other methods of contraception should be considered if the gastro-intestinal disorder is likely to be prolonged.
4.3 Contraindication
Preparations containing oestrogen/ progestogen combinations should not be used in the presence of any of the conditions listed below. Should any of the conditions appear for the first time during their use, the product should be stopped immediately.
• Existing or previous arterial thrombotic or embolic processes (stroke (e.g. transient ischaemic attack, ischemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke), angina, myocardial infarction).
• Severe and/or multiple risk factor(s) for venous or arterial thrombosis (see section 4.4)
Concomitant use with other hormonal contraceptive (see section 4.1)
• Venous thrombosis present or in history (deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism)
• Arterial thrombosis present or in history (e.g. myocardial infarction) or prodromal conditions (e.g. angina pectoris and transient ischaemic attack).
• Presence or history of cerebrovascular accident
• The presence of a severe of multiple risk factor(s) for venous or arterial thrombosis may also constitute a contraindication (see section 4.4.) such as :
- Diabetes mellitus with vascular symptoms
- Severe hypertension
- Severe dyslipoproteinaemia
- Hereditary or acquired predisposition for venous or arterial thrombosis, such as activated protein C (APC) resistance, antithrombin-III-deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, hyperhomocysteinaemia and antiphospholipid-antibodies (anticardiolipin-antibodies, lupus anticoagulant
• Known or suspected pregnancy (see section 4.6)
• Breast feeding (see section 4.6).
• Presence or history of severe hepatic disease e.g active viral hepatitis and severe cirrhosis, as long as liver function vales have not returned to normal.
• Presence or history of liver tumours (benign or malignant).
• Current or history of breast cancer
• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
• History of migraine with focal neurological symptoms
• Relevant UK clinical guidance on COC’s should be consulted
• Co-cyprindiol is not for use in men
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Co-cyprindiol is composed of the progestogen cyproterone acetate and the oestrogen ethinylestradiol and is administered for 21 days of a monthly cycle. It therefore has a similar composition to that of a combined oral contraceptive (COC).
Duration of Use
Time to relief of symptoms is at least three months. The need to continue treatment should be evaluated periodically by the treating physician (see section 4.2)
Medical Examination:
Assessment of women prior to starting oral contraceptives (and at regular intervals thereafter) should include a personal and family medical history of each woman. Physical examination should be guided by this and by the contraindications (section 4.3) and warnings (section 4.4) for this product. The frequency and nature of these assessments should be based upon relevant guidelines and should be adapted to the individual woman, but should include measurement of blood pressure and, if judged appropriate by the clinician, breast, abdominal and pelvic examination including cervical cytology.
If any of the conditions/risk factors mentioned below is present, the benefits of the use of Co-cyprindiol should be weighed against the possible risks for each individual woman and discussed with the woman before she decides to start using Co-cyprindiol. In the event of aggravation, exacerbation or first appearance of any of these conditions or risk factors, the woman should contact her physician. The physician should then decide on whether the use of Co-cyprindiol should be discontinued.
Exclude the likelihood of pregnancy before starting treatment.
Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding that is suspicious for underlying conditions should be investigated.
Warnings:
Women should be advised that Co-cyprindiol does not protect against HIV infections (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases.
Conditions require strict medical supervision
The decision to prescribe Co-cyprindiol must be made using clinical judgement and in consultation with woman. Deterioration or first appearance of any of these conditions may indicate that co-cyprindiol should be discontinued:
• Diabetes mellitus with mild vascular disease or mild nephropath, retinopathy or neuropathy
• Hypertension that is adequately controlled, ie. Systolic > 140 to 159 mm Hg or diastolic > 90 to 94 mmHg (see also section 4.4 ‘Reasons for stopping Co-cyprindiol immedietly’)
• Porphyria
• Clinical depression
• Obesity
• Clinical depression
• Migraine
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Chloasma
Patients with a history of depression or any condition mentioned above should be monitored during treatment with co-cyprindiol.
Reasons for stopping co-cyprindiol immediately:
When stopping oral contraception non-hormonal contraception should be used to ensure contraceptive protection is, maintained, if needed.
1. Occurrence for the first time, or exacerbation, of migrainous headaches or unusually frequent or unusually severe headaches.
2. Sudden disturbances of vision or hearing or other perceptual disorders.
3. First signs of thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic symptoms (e.g. unusual pains in or swelling of the leg(s), stabbing pains on breathing or coughing for no apparent reason). Feeling of pain and tightness in the chest.
4. Six weeks before an elective major operation (e.g. abdominal, orthopedic), any surgery to the legs, medical treatment for varicose veins or prolonged immobilisation, e.g. after accidents or surgery. Do not restart until 2 weeks after full ambulation. In case of emergency surgery, thrombotic prophylaxis is usually indicated e.g. subcutaneous heparin.
5. Onset of jaundice, hepatitis, itching of the whole body.
6. Increase in epileptic seizures.
7. Significant rise in blood pressure.
8. Onset of severe depression.
9. Severe upper abdominal pain or liver enlargement.
10. Pregnancy is a reason for stopping immediately (see section 4.6)
Circulatory disorders
The use of Co-cyprindiol carries an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with no use. The excess risk of VTE is highest during the first year a woman starts Co-cyprindiol or when restarting or switching after a pill-free interval of at least a month. Venous thromboembolism can be fatal in 1-2% of cases.
• Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence of VTE is 1.5 to 2 times higher in users of Co-cyprindiol than in users of levonorgestrel-containing combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and may be similar to the risk for desogestrel / gestodene / drospirenone-containing COCs.
• The user group of Co-cyprindiol is likely to include patients that may have an inherently increased cardiovascular risk such as that associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
• Epidemiological studies have also associated the use of hormonal contraceptive with an increased risk for arterial (myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack) thromboembolism.
• Extremely rarely, thrombosis has been reported to occur in other blood vessels, e.g. hepatic, mesenteric, renal, cerebral or retinal veins and arteries, in hormonal contraceptive users.
• Symptoms of venous or arterial thrombosis or of a cerebrovascular accident can include: unusual unilateral leg pain and / or swelling; sudden severe pain in the chest, whether or not it radiates to the left arm; sudden breathlessness; sudden onset of coughing; any unusual, severe, prolonged headache; sudden partial or complete loss of vision; diplopia; slurred speech or aphasia; vertigo; collapse with or without focal seizure; weakness or very marked numbness suddenly affecting one side or one part of the body; motor disturbances; ‘acute’ abdomen
• The risk of venous thromboembolic events increases with:
- increasing age;
- smoking (with heavier smoking and increasing age the risk further increases, especially in women over 35 years of age. Women over 35 years of age should be strongly advised not to smoke if they wish to use Co-cyprindiol);
- a positive family history (i.e. venous thromboembolism ever in a sibling or parent at a relatively early age). If a hereditary predisposition is suspected, the woman should be referred to a specialist for advice before deciding about any hormonal contraceptive use;
- prolonged immobilisation, major surgery, any surgery to the legs, or major trauma. In these situations it is advisable to discontinue use (in the case of elective surgery at least four weeks in advance) and not to resume until two weeks after complete remobilisation. Antithrombotic treatment should be considered if the use of Co-cyprindiol has not been discontinued in advance.
- obesity (body mass index over 30 kg/m2).
• The risk of arterial thromboembolic complications or of a cerebrovascular accident increases with:
- increasing age;
- smoking (with heavier smoking and increasing age the risk further increases, especially in women over 35 years of age. Women over 35 years of age should be strongly advised not to smoke if they wish to use Co-cyprindiol);
- dyslipoproteinemia;
- obesity (body mass index over 30 kg/m2);
- hypertension;
- migraine;
- valvular heart disease;
- atrial fibrillation;
- a positive family history (arterial thrombosis ever in a sibling or parent at a relatively early age). If a hereditary predisposition is suspected, the woman should be referred to a specialist for advice before deciding about any hormonal contraceptive use.
• Other medical conditions, which have been associated with adverse circulatory events, include diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, hemolytic uraemic syndrome, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and sickle cell disease.
• The increased risk of thromboembolism in the puerperium must be considered (for information on ‘Pregnancy and lactation’ see section 4.6).
• An increase in frequency or severity of migraine during use of Co-cyprindiol (which may be prodromal of a cerebrovascular event) may be a reason for immediate discontinuation of Co-cyprindiol.
Women using Co-cyprindiol should be specifically pointed out to contact their physician in case of possible symptoms of thrombosis. In case of suspected or confirmed thrombosis, Co-cyprindiol use should be discontinued. Adequate contraception should be initiated because of the teratogenicity of anti-coagulant therapy (coumarins).
Other factors affecting circulatory events
The use group of Co-cyprindiol as a treatment for severe acne or moderately severe hirsutism is likely to include patients that may have increase cardiovascular risk such as that associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Other medical conditions which have been associated with adverse circulatory events include diabetes mellitus systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis) and sickle cell disease.
Biochemical factors that may be indicative of hereditary or acquired predisposition for venous or arterial thrombosis include Activated Protein C (APC) resistance, hyperhomocysteinaemia, antithrombin-III deficiency, protein C deficiency, antiphosphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant)
When considering risk/benefit, the physician should take into account the adequate treatment of a condition may reduce the associated risk of thrombosis and that the risk associated with pregnancy is higher than that associated with COC or Co-cyprindiol.
Tumors
Like many other steroids, co-cyprindiol, when given in very high doses and for the majority of the animal’s life-span, has been found to cause an increase in the incidence of tumours, including carcinoma, in the liver of rats. The relevance of this finding to humans is unknown.
Numerous epidemiological studies have been reported on the risks of ovarian, endometrial, cervical and breast cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives. The evidence is clear that high dose combined oral contraceptives offer substantial protection against both ovarian and endometrial cancer. However, it is not clear whether low dose COCs or Co-cyprindiol confer protective effects to the same level.
Breast Cancer
A meta-analysis from 54 epidemiological studies reported that there is a slightly increased relative risk (RR = 1.24) of having breast cancer diagnosed in women who are currently using combined oral contraceptives (COCs). The observed pattern of increased risk may be due to an earlier diagnosis of breast cancer in COC users, the biological effects of COCs or a combination of both. The additional breast cancers diagnosed in current users of COCs or in women who have used COCs in the last ten years are more likely to be localised to the breast than those in women who never used COCs.
Breast cancer is rare among women under 40 years of age whether or not they take COCs. Whilst this background risk increases with age, the excess number of breast cancer diagnoses in current and recent COC users is small in relation to the overall risk of breast cancer (see bar chart).
The most important risk factor for breast cancer in COC users is the age women discontinue the COC; the older the age at stopping, the more breast cancers are diagnosed. Duration of use is less important and the excess risk gradually disappears during the course of the 10 years after stopping COC use such that by 10 years there appears to be no excess.
The possible increase in risk of breast cancer should be discussed with the user and weighed against the benefits of COCs taking into account the evidence that they offer substantial protection against the risk of developing certain other cancers (e.g. ovarian and endometrial cancer).
Estimated cumulative numbers of breast cancers per 10,000 women diagnosed in 5 years of use and up to 10 years after stopping COCs, compared with numbers of breast cancers diagnosed in 10,000 women who had never used COCs
a>
250
200
150
100
50
Under 20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44
30 35 40 45 50 55
•Q
E
3
0
Took the pill at these ages Cancers found up to the age of :
The possibility cannot be ruled out that certain chronic diseases may occasionally deteriorate during the use of co-cyprindiol (see Medical Examinations).
Cervical Cancer
An increased risk of cervical cancer in long-term users of combined oral contraceptives has been reported in some studies, but there continues to be controversy about the extent to which this is attributable to the confounding effects of sexual behaviour and other factors.
Liver Cancer
In rare cases benign and in even rarer cases malignant liver tumours leading in isolated cases to life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage have been observed after the use of hormonal substances such as those contained in Co-cyprindiol Tablets. If severe upper abdominal complaints, liver enlargement or signs of intraabdominal haemorrhage occur, a liver tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Other conditions
The possibility cannot be ruled out that certan chronic diseases may occasionally deteriorate during the use of Co-cyprindiol.
Known hyperlipidaemias
Women with hypertriglyceridemia, or a family history thereof, may be at an increased risk of pancreatitis when using COCs or Co-cyprindiol.
Women with hyperlipidaemias are at an increased risk of arterial disease (see section
4.4 'Circulatory disorders'). However routine screening of women on COCs or Co-cyprindiol is not appropriate.
Blood pressure
Hypertension is a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction (see section 4.4 'Arterial thromboembolic-related conditions'). Although small increases in blood pressure have been reported in many women taking COCs or estrogen/progestogen combinations like Co-cyprindiol, clinically relevant increases are rare. However, if sustained hypertension develops during the use of Co-cyprindiol, antihypertensive treatment should normally be instigated at a level of 160/100 mm Hg in uncomplicated patients or at 140/90 mm Hg in those with target organ damage, established cardiovascular disease, diabetes or with increased cardiovascular risk factors. Decisions about the continued use of Co-cyprindiol should be made at lower BP levels, and alternative contraception may be advised.
Conditions which deteriorate with pregnancy or during previous COC or Co-cyprindiol use:
The following conditions have been reported to occur or deteriorate with both pregnancy and use of a COC or estrogen/progestogen combinations like Co-cyprindiol. Consideration should be given to stopping Co-cyprindiol if any of the following occur during use:
• jaundice and/or pruritus related to cholestasis
• COCs or Co-cyprindiol may increase the risk of gallstone formation and may worsen existing disease
• systemic lupus erythematosus
• herpes gestations
• otosclerosis-related hearing loss
• sickle cell anemia
• renal dysfunction
• hereditary angioedema
• any other condition an individual woman has experienced worsening of during pregnancy or previous use of COCs or Co-cyprindiol.
Disturbances of liver function
Acute or chronic disturbances of liver function may necessitate the discontinuation of COC or Co-cyprindiol use until markers of liver function return to normal
Diabetes (without vascular involvement)
Insulin-dependent diabetics without vascular disease can use Co-cyprindiol. However it should be remembered that all diabetics are at an increased risk of arterial disease and this should be considered when prescribing COCs or Co-cyprindiol. Diabetics with existing vascular disease are contraindicated from using Co-cyprindiol (see section 4.3 Contraindications).
Although COCs or estrogen/progestogen combinations like Co-cyprindiol may have an effect on peripheral insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, there is no evidence for a need to alter the therapeutic regimen in diabetics using low-dose COCs (containing < 0.05 mg ethinylestradiol). However, diabetic women should be carefully observed while taking COCs or Co-cyprindiol.
Chloasma
It should be borne in mind that the use of ultraviolet lamps, for the treatment of acne, or prolonged exposure to sunlight, increases the risk of the deterioration of chloasma.
Menstrual Changes
Reduction of menstrual flow: This is not abnormal and it is to be expected in some patients. Indeed, it may be beneficial where heavy periods were previously experienced.
Missed menstruation:
Occasionally, withdrawal bleeding may not occur at all. If the tablets have been taken correctly, pregnancy is unlikely. Should bleeding fail to occur during the tablet-free interval the possibility of pregnancy must be excluded before the next pack is started.
Inter-menstrual bleeding:
Irregular bleeding (spotting or breakthrough bleeding) may occur especially during the first months of use. Therefore, the evaluation of any irregular bleeding is only meaningful after an adaptation interval of about three cycles. If bleeding irregularities persist or occur after previously regular cycles, then non-hormonal causes should be considered and adequate diagnostic measures are indicated to exclude malignancy or pregnancy. This may include curettage.
Some women may experience amenorrhea or oligomenorrhoea after discontinuation of co-cyprindiol, especially when these conditions existed prior to use. Women should be informed of this possibility.
Lactose and Sucrose Intolerance
Each tablet of this medicinal product contains 31.115 mg lactose and 19.371 mg sucrose per tablet. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency, fructose intolerance or glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase should not take this medicine
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Drugs which induce hepatic enzymes (especially cytochrome P450 3A4) increase the metabolism of contraceptive steroids and hence may result in breakthrough bleeding and pregnancy. The following have been shown to have clinically important interactions with COCs and estrogen/progestogen combinations like Co-cyprindiol:
Antiretroviral agents
• ritonavir;
• nelfinavir;
• nevirapine.
Anticonvulsants
barbiturates (including phenobarbitone); primidone;
• phenytoin;-
• carbamazepine;
• oxcarbazepine;
• topiramate.
Antibiotics/antifungals
• griseofulvin;
• rifampacin.
Herbal remedies
• St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Managing the interactions with hepatic enzyme inducers
Since interactions of enzyme inducers, including the antibiotics rafampicin and griseofulvin, with oral contraceptives may lead to breakthrough bleeding and/or contraceptive failure the following precautions are recommended:
Women on short term treatment with any of these drugs should temporarily use a barrier method in addition to the COC or choose another method of contraception. With microsomal enzyme-inducing drugs, such as rifampicin and griseofulvin, the barrier method should be used during the time of concomitant drug administration and for 28 days after their discontinuation.
For women receiving long-term therapy with hepatic enzyme inducers, another method of contraception should be used.
Non-enzyme inducing antibiotics
Some clinical reports suggest that enterohepatic circulation of estrogens may decrease when certain antibiotic agents are given, which may reduce ethinylestradiol concentrations (e.g. penicillin’s, tetracyclines).
Managing interactions with non-enzyme inducing antibiotics
Since interactions of some antibiotics with oral contraceptives may lead to breakthrough bleeding and/or contraceptive failure the following precautions are recommended:
Women on short term treatment with antibiotics (exceptrifampicin and griseofulvin) should temporarily use a barrier method in addition to the COC or choose another method of contraception. If the barrier method is chosen it should be used until 7 days after discontinuation of the antibiotics. If these 7 days overrun the end of a pack, the next pack should be started without a break. In this situation, a withdrawal bleed should not be expected until the end of the second pack. If the patient does not have a withdrawal bleed during the tablet-free interval following the end of the second pack, the possibility of pregnancy must be ruled out before resuming with the next pack. When drugs such as oral tetracyclines are being taken it is advisable to use additional non-hormonal methods of contraception (except the rhythm or temperature methods) since an extremely high degree of protection must be provided when Co-cyprindiol is being taken
Effects on other drugs
Oral contraceptives and estrogen/progestogen combinations like Co-cyprindiol may affect the metabolism of certain other drugs. Accordingly, plasma and tissue concentrations may either increase (e.g. cyclosporin) or decrease (e.g. lamotrigine).
Note: The prescribing information of concomitant medications should be consulted to identify potential interactions.
Laboratory tests
The use of oral contraceptives may influence the results of certain laboratory tests including biochemical parameters of liver, thyroid, adrenal and renal function, plasma levels of carrier proteins and lipid/lipoprotein fractions, parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Laboratory staff should therefore be informed about oral contraceptive use when laboratory tests are requested.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Co-cyprindiol is not indicated during pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs during treatment with Co-cyprindiol, further intake must be stopped.
Fertility
Animal studies have revealed that feminisation of male foetuses may occur if cyproterone acetate is administered during the phase of embryogenesis at which differentiation of the external genitalia occurs. Although the results of these tests are not necessarily relevant to man, the possibility must be considered that administration of co-cyprindiol to women after the 45th day of pregnancy could cause feminisation of male foetuses. It follows from this that pregnancy is an absolute contra-indication for treatment with co-cyprindiol, and must be excluded before such treatment is begun.
Breast-feeding
The use of Co-cyprindiol during lactation may lead to a reduction in the volume of milk produced and to a change in the composition. Minute amounts of the active substances are excreted with the milk. These amount s may effect the child particularly in the first 6 weeks post-partum. Mothers who are breastfeeding should be advised not to take Co-cyprindiol until the nursing mother has weaned her child off breast-milk.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
None known.
4.5 Undesirable effects
There is an increased risk of venous thromboembolism for all women who use Co- cyprindiol Tablets. For more information see Section 4.4.
|
System |
Adverse events |
reported in clinical trials |
Adverse | |
|
Organ Class |
Common ( 1/100 to <1/10) |
Uncommon ( 1/1,000 to <1/100) |
Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000) |
events reported post marketing |
|
Eye disorders |
contact lens intolerance | |||
|
Gastrointestin al disorders |
nausea, abdominal pain |
vomiting, diarrhoea | ||
|
Immune system disorders |
hypersensitivity |
Exacerbation of hereditary angioedema | ||
|
Investigations |
weight increased |
weight decreased | ||
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
fluid retention |
hypertriglyceri demia | ||
|
Nervous system disorders |
headache |
migraine |
exacerbation of chorea | |
|
Gastrointestin al disorders |
Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis | |||
|
Hepatobiliary disorders |
liver function disturbances | |||
|
Psychiatric disorders |
depressed mood, mood altered |
libido decreased |
libido increased | |
|
Reproductive system and breast disorders |
breast pain, breast tenderness |
breast hypertrophy |
vaginal discharge, breast discharge |
reduced menstrual flow, spotting, breakthrough bleeding and |
|
missed withdrawal bleeding, post pill amenorrhoea | ||||
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
rash, urticaria |
erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme |
Chloasma | |
|
Vascular disorders |
Thromboembolism |
The following serious adverse events have been reported in women using COCs or Co-cyprindiol, which are discussed in section 4.4 'Special warnings and precautions for use':
• Venous thromboembolic disorders
• Arterial thromboembolic disorders
The frequency of diagnosis of breast cancer is very slightly increased among OC users. As breast cancer is rare in women under 40 years of age the excess number is small in relation to the overall risk of breast cancer. Causation with COC or Co- cyprindiol use is unknown. For further information, see sections 4.3 'Contraindications' and 4.4 'Special warnings and precautions for use.
Conditions reported to deteriorate with pregnancy or previous COC or Co-cyprindiol use
Jaundice and/or pruritus related to cholestasis; gallstone formation; systemic lupus erythematous; herpes gestations; otosclerosis-related hearing loss; sickle cell anemia; renal dysfunction; hereditary angioedema; porphyria; cervical cancer.
Changes in glucose tolerance or effect on peripheral insulin resistance have been reported in women using COCs or Co-cyprindiol (see section 4.4).
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the yellow card scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
4.9 Overdose
Overdose may cause nausea, vomiting and, in females, withdrawal bleeding. There are no specific antidotes and further treatment should be symptomatic.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Co-cyprindiol blocks androgen-receptors. It also reduces androgen synthesis both by negative feedback effect on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian systems and by the inhibition of androgen-synthesising enzymes.
Although co-cyprindiol also acts as an oral contraceptive, it is not recommended in women solely for contraception, but should be reserved for those women requiring treatment for the androgen-dependent skin conditions described.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Cyproterone acetate:
Following oral administration cyproterone acetate is completely absorbed in a wide dose range. The ingestion of Co-cyprindiol 2000/35 Tablets effects a maximum serum level of l5ng cyproterone acetate/ml at 1.6 hours. Thereafter drug serum levels decrease in two disposition phases characterised by half-lives of 0.8 hours and 2.3 days. The total clearance of cyproterone acetate from serum was determined to be 3.6 ml/min/kg. Cyproterone acetate is metabolised by various pathways including hydroxylations and conjugations. The main metabolite in human plasma is the 15 P-hydroxy derivative.
Some dose parts are excreted unchanged with the bile fluid. Most of the dose is excreted in form of metabolites at a urinary to biliary ratio of 3:7. The renal and biliary excretion was determined to proceed with half-life of 1.9 days. Metabolites from plasma were eliminated at a similar rate (half-life of 1.7 days). Cyproterone acetate is almost exclusively bound to plasma albumin. About 3.5 - 4.0% of total drug levels are present unbound. Because protein binding is non-specific changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels do not affect cyproterone acetate pharmacokinetics.
According to the long half-life of the terminal disposition phase from plasma (serum) and the daily intake cyproterone acetate accumulates during one treatment cycle.
Mean maximum drug serum levels increased from l5ng/ml (day 1) to 21ng/ml and 24ng/ml at the end of the treatment cycles 1 and 3 respectively. The area under the concentration versus time profile increased 2.2 fold (end of cycle 1) and 2.4 fold (end of cycle 3). Steady state conditions were reached after about 16 days. During long term treatment cyproterone acetate accumulates over treatment cycles by a factor of 2.
The absolute bioavailability of cyproterone acetate is almost complete (88% of dose). The relative bioavailability of cyproterone acetate from Co-cyprindiol was 109% when compared to an aqueous microcrystalline suspension.
Ethinylestradiol:
Orally administered ethinylestradiol is rapidly and completely absorbed. Following ingestion of Co-cyprindiol 2000/35 Tablets maximum drug serum levels of about 80pg/ml are reached at 1.7 hours. Thereafter ethinylestradiol plasma levels decrease in two phases characterised by half-lives of 1 - 2 hours and about 20 hours. For analytical reasons these parameters can only be calculated for higher dosages.
For ethinylestradiol an apparent volume of distribution of about 5 l/kg and a metabolic clearance rate from plasma of about 5 ml/min/kg were determined.
Ethinylestradiol is highly but non-specifically bound to serum albumin. 2% of the drug levels are present unbound. During absorption and first liver passage ethinylestradiol is metabolised resulting in a reduced absolute and variable oral bioavailability. Unchanged drug is not excreted. Ethinylestradiol metabolites are excreted at a urinary to biliary ratio of 4:6 with a half-life of about 1 day.
According to the half-life of the terminal disposition phase from plasma and the daily ingestion steady state plasma levels are reached after 3 - 4 days and are higher by 30 -40% as compared to a single dose. The relative bioavailability (reference: aqueous microcrystalline suspension) of ethinylestradiol was almost complete.
The systemic bioavailability of ethinylestradiol might be influenced in both directions by other drugs. There is, however, no interaction with high doses of vitamin C.
Ethinylestradiol induces the hepatic synthesis of SHBG and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) during continuous use. The extent of SHBG induction, however, is dependent upon the chemical structure and dose of the co-administered progestin. During treatment with co-cyprindiol SHBG concentrations in serum increased from about l00nmol/l to 300nmol/l and the serum concentrations of CBG were increased from about 50p,g/ml to 95p,g/ml.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no preclinical safety data which could be of relevance to the prescriber and which are not already included in other relevant sections of the SPC.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Lactose monohydrate, maize starch, povidone, purified talc, magnesium stearate, Hypromellose, propylene glycol, titanium dioxide (E171), quinoline yellow (E104).
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
36 months.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C.
Store in the original package.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
PVC/aluminium blister strips containing 21 tablets. Each carton contains either 1 or 3 blister strip packs.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Not applicable.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Fannin (UK) Limited 42-46 Booth Drive Park Farm South Wellingborough Northamptonshire NN8 6GT UK
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 20417/0030
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
07/04/2009
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
24/10/2016