Cyproterone Acetate 100 Mg Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablets.
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 100 mg cyproterone acetate.
Excipient: Lactose monohydrate.
For a full list of excipients, see Section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Uncoated tablet.
White, capsule shaped tablet with a breakline on one side and ‘CPA 100’ marked on the other side.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the management of patients with prostatic cancer (1) to suppress "flare" with initial LHRH analogue therapy, (2) in long-term palliative treatment where LHRH analogues or surgery are contraindicated, not tolerated, or where oral therapy is preferred, and (3) in the treatment of hot flushes in patients under treatment with LHRH analogues or who have had an orchidectomy.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
For oral administration only.
Adults and the elderly:
The maximum daily dose is 300 mg
To suppress "flare" with initial LHRH Analogue therapy: : Initially one Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablet twice daily (200 mg) alone for 5-7 days, followed by one Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablet twice daily (200 mg) for 3-4 weeks together with the LHRH analogue therapy in the dosage recommended by the marketing authorization holder (see SmPC of LHRH analogue).
In long term palliative treatment where LHRH analogues or surgery are contraindicated, not tolerated, or when oral therapy is preferred:
200-300 mg/day.
For the above two indications the dosage should be divided into 2-3 doses per day and taken after meals.
In the treatment of hot flushes in patients under treatment with LHRH analogues or who have had an orchidectomy: 50 mg starting dose with upward titration if necessary within the range 50-150 mg/day. For this indication the dosage should be divided into 1-3 doses per day and taken after meals
Additional information on special population (applies to all indications)
Children and adolescents: Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablets are not recommended for use in male children and adolescents below 18 years of age due to lack of data on safety and efficacy.
Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablets must not be given before the conclusion of puberty since an unfavourable influence on longitudinal growth and still unstabilised axes of endocrine function cannot be ruled out.
Elderly patients:
There are no data suggesting the need for a dosage adjustment in elderly patients.
Patients with hepatic impairment:
The use of Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablets are contraindicated in patients with liver diseases (see section 4.4 and 4.8).
Patients with renal impairment:
The use of Cyproterone Acetate 100 mg Tablets in patients with renal impairment has not been investigated. There are no data suggesting the need for dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment (see section 5.2).
4.3 Contraindications
Use in patients known to be hypersensitive to cyproterone acetate or to any of the ingredients of Cyproterone Acetate Tablets.
Cyproterone acetate must not be used in patients with meningioma or a history of meningioma.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Liver: Direct hepatic toxicity, including jaundice, hepatitis and hepatic failure, which has been fatal in some cases, has been reported in patients treated with 200 - 300 mg/day cyproterone acetate. Most reported cases are in men with prostatic cancer. Toxicity is dose-related and develops, usually, several months after treatment has begun. Liver function tests should be performed pre-treatment, regularly during treatment and whenever any symptoms or signs suggestive of hepatotoxicity occur. If hepatotoxicity is confirmed, cyproterone acetate should normally be withdrawn, unless the hepatotoxicity can be attributed to another cause, e.g. metastatic disease, in which case cyproterone acetate should be continued only if the perceived benefit outweighs the risk.
As with other sex steroids, benign and malignant liver changes have been reported in isolated cases.
Very rarely liver tumours, leading in isolated cases to life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage, have been observed after the use of sex steroids, to which class cyproterone acetate belongs. If severe upper abdominal complaints, liver enlargement or signs of intra-abdominal haemorrhage occur, hepatic tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis and, if necessary, cyproterone acetate should be withdrawn.
Thromboembolism: The occurance of thromboembolic events has been reported in patients using cyproterone acetate, although a casual relationship has not been established. Patients with a history of arterial or venous thrombotic/thromboembolic events (e.g. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infraction), with a history of cerebrovascular accidents or with advanced malignancies are at increased risk of further thromboembolic events, and may be at risk of recurrence of the disease during cyproterone acetate therapy. In patients with a history of thromboembolic disorders or suffering from sickle-cell anaemia or severe diabetes with vascular changes, the risk: benefit ratio must be considered carefully in each individual case before cyproterone acetate is prescribed.
In very rare cases, the occurrence of thromboembolic events has been reported in temporal association with the use of cyproterone acetate; a causal relationship seems however questionable.
Chronic depression: It has been found that some patients with severe chronic depression deteriorate during cyproterone acetate therapy.
Breathlessness: Shortness of breath may occur. Possibly due to the known stimulatory effect of progesterone and synthetic progestogens on breathing, which is accompanied by hypocapnia and compensatory alkalosis, but it is not considered that treatment is required.
Adrenocortical function: During treatment adrenocortical function should be monitored, since suppression has been observed.
Diabetes: Cyproterone acetate can influence carbohydrate metabolism. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism should be examined carefully in all diabetics before and regularly during treatment.
Haemoglobin: Hypochromic anaemia has been found rarely during long term treatment, and blood counts before and at regular intervals during treatment are advisable.
Nitrogen balance: a negative nitrogen balance is usual at the start of treatment, but usually does not persist.
Lactose: The tablets also contain lactose (see 6.1). Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Meningiomas: The occurrence of (multiple) meningiomas has been reported in association with longer term use (years) of cyproterone acetate at doses of 25 mg/day and above. If a patient treated with cyproterone acetate and is diagnosed with meningioma, treatment with cyproterone acetate must be stopped (see section 4.3).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Diabetes: The requirement for oral antidiabetic treatment or insulin can change. See also section 4.4. At high therapeutic cyproterone acetate doses of three times 100 mg per day, cyproterone acetate may inhibit CYP2C8 (see below). Thiazolidinediones (i.e. the anti-diabetics pioglitazone and rosiglitazone) are substrates of CYP2C8 (increased blood levels of these antidiabetics may require dose adjustment).
Cyproterone acetate can influence carbohydrate metabolism. Parameters of carbohydrate metabolism should be examined carefully in all diabetics before and regularly during treatment.
Chronic alcoholism:Alcohol appears to reduce the effect of cyproterone acetate.
Other interactions: Clinical interaction studies have not been performed. However, since cyproterone acetate is metabolised by CYP3A4, it is expected that ketoconazole, itraconazole,clotrimazole, ritonavir and other strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 inhibits the metabolism of cyproterone acetate. On the other hand, inducers of CYP3A4 such as rifampicine, phenytoin and products containing St.John’s Wort may reduce the levels of cyproterone acetate.
Based on in vitro inhibition studies, an inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4 and 2D6 is possible at high cyproterone acetate doses of 100 mg three times per day. (This is three times the maximum total daily dose).
The risk of statin-associated myopathy or rhabdomyolysis may be increased when those HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins) which are primarily metabolised by CYP3A4 are co-administered with high cyproterone acetate doses, since they share the same metabolic pathway.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Not applicable. Cyproterone Acetate Tablets are not indicated for use in women.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Fatigue and lassitude are common in the first few weeks of therapy but usually become much less marked from the third month - patients should be warned about this and if affected should not drive or operate machinery
The marked lassitude and asthenia necessitate special care when driving or operating machinery.
4.8 Undesirable effects
The most frequently observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients receiving cyproterone acetate are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and reversible inhibition of spermatogenesis.
The most serious ADRs in patients receiving Cyproterone Acetate are hepatic toxicity, benign and malignant liver tumours which may lead to intraabdominal haemorrhage and thromboembolic events.
The following approximate incidents were estimated from published reports of a number of small clinical trials and spontaneous ADR reports:
-very common: incidence > 1:10
-common : incidence <1:10 but >1:100
-uncommon : incidence <1:100 but >1:1000
-rare: incidence<1:1000 but > 1:10,000
-very rare : incidence < 1:10,000
-not known (cannot be estimated from available data)
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Very rare: Benign and malignant liver tumours which may lead to life threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage (See section 4.4).
Not known: The occurrence of (multiple) meningiomas has been reported in association with longer term use (years) of cyproterone acetate at doses of 25mg/day and above.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Not known: Anaemia during long-term treatment
Immune system disorders Rare: Hypersensitivity reactions
Endocrine disorders
Not known: Suppression of adrenocortical function.
Metabolism and nutritional disorders
Common: Changes in bodyweight during long-term treatment (chiefly weight gains in association with fluid retention).
Psychiatric disorders
Common: Depressive moods and restlessness (temporary).
Vascular disorders
Not known: Thromoembolic events, although a causal relationship has not been established (see section 4.4).
Respiratory, thoracic & mediastinal disorders Common: Dyspnoea (see section 4.4).
Hepatobiliary disorders
Common: Direct hepatic toxicity, including jaundice, hepatitis and hepatic failure, which has been fatal in some cases, have been reported in patients treated with 200-300 mg cyproterone acetate (see section 4.4).
Skin & subcutaneous tissue disorders Uncommon: Rash
Not known: Reduction of sebum production leading to dryness of the skin and improvement of existing acne vulgaris has been reported as well as; transient patchy loss and reduced growth of body hair, increased growth of scalp hair, lightening of hair colour and female type of pubic hair growth.
Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders
Not known: Osteoporosis (due to long-term androgen deprivation).
Reproductive system disorders
Very common: Decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, reduced sexual drive and inhibition of gonadal function. These changes are reversible after discontinuation of therapy.
Inhibition of spermatogenesis:
Very common: Sperm count and the volume of ejaculate is reduced.
Infertility is usual, and there may be azoospermia after eight weeks. There is usually slight atrophy of the seminiferous tubules. Follow up examinations have shown these changes to be reversible, spermatogenesis usually reverting to its previous state about three to five months after stopping treatment or in some users up to 20 months. That spermatogenesis can recover even after very long treatment is uncertain. There is evidence that abnormal sperms, which might give rise to malformed embryos, are produced during treatment.
Gynaecomastia:
Common: Gynaecomastia (sometimes combined with tenderness to touch of the mamillae) which usually regresses after withdrawal of the preparation.
Rare: Galectorrhoea and tender benign nodules.
Symptoms mostly subside after discontinuation of treatment or reduction of dosage.
General and administration site disorders
Common: Hot flushes, sweating, fatigue and lassitude.
4.9 Overdose
There have been no reports of ill effects from overdosage, therefore, generally it is unnecessary to treat. There are no special antidotes and treatment should be symptomatic. If overdosage is discovered within 2 to 3 hours and is so large that treatment seems desirable, gastric lavage can be safely used.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
ATC code: G03H AO1
Prostatic carcinoma and its metastases are generally dependent on androgens. Cyproterone acetate is a progestational steroid with strong anti-androgen activities, and in addition cyproterone acetate exerts a negative feedback on the hypothalamic receptors; therefore suppressing gonadotrophin release, and hence secretion of testosterone (and other androgens) is reduced.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Following oral administration of tablets, cyproterone acetate is quickly and completely absorbed over a wide dosage range. The absolute bioavailability of cyproterone acetate is almost complete. The maximal plasma levels after a single dose are achieved after about 3 hours. After oral administration of 100 mg daily the steady state plasma concentration is 260 ± 50 ng/ml. The mean plasma half life is about 2 days.
Cyproterone acetate is metabolised by hydrolysis to free cyproterone, and then to 15 P-hydroxycyproterone. Excretion occurs via the bile (70%) and urine (30%). Only small amounts of unchanged drug are found in the bile, most is excreted in the form of metabolites.
Cyproterone acetate is almost exclusively bound to plasma albumin. About 3.5 - 4% of total drug levels are present unbound. Because protein binding is non-specific, changes in SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) levels do not affect the pharmacockinetics of cyproterone acetate.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Experimental investigations produced corticoid-like effects on the adrenal glands in rats and dogs following higher dosages, which could indicate similar effects in humans at the highest given dose (300 mg/day).
Recognised first-line tests of genotoxicity gave negative results when conducted with cyproterone acetate. However, further tests showed that cyproterone acetate was capable of producing adducts with DNA (and an increase in DNA repair activity) in liver cells from rats and monkeys and also in freshly isolated human hepatocytes. This DNA-adduct formation occurred at exposures that might be expected to occur in the recommended dose regimens for cyproterone acetate. One in vivo consequence of cyproterone acetate treatment was the increased incidence of focal, possibly preneoplastic, liver lesions in which cellular enzymes were altered in female rats. The clinical relevance of these findings is presently uncertain. Clinical experience to date would not support an increased incidence of hepatic tumours in man.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Lactose monohydrate Maize starch
Pregelatinised maize starch Povidone
Magnesium stearate Colloidal anhydrous silica
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known.
Shelf life
6.3
24 months.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C. Store in original package. Keep blisters in the outer carton.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
PVC/PVdC - aluminium foil blisters containing 84 tablets.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No specific recommendations applicable
7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Cipla (EU) Limited
Hillbrow House
Hillbrow Road
Esher
Surrey
KT10 9NW
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 36390/0012
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE
AUTHORISATION
26/05/2011
10
DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
28/11/2012