Danol 100 Mg Capsules
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Danol 100mg Capsules
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each capsule contains 100mg of danazol.
Also contains 62 mg of lactose monohydrate.
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Capsule, hard
Capsule with a grey cap and opaque white body containing a white or almost white powder, with ‘D100’ printed in black ink.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Danol capsules are recommended for the treatment of
Endometriosis: treatment of endometriosis-associated symptoms and/or to reduce the extent of endometriosis foci. Danazol may be used either in conjunction with surgery or, as sole hormonal therapy, in patients not responding to other treatments.
Benign fibrocystic breast disease: symptomatic relief of severe pain and tenderness. Danazol should be used only in patients not responsive to other therapeutic measures or for whom such measures are inadvisable.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Danol capsules should be given as a continuous course, dosage being adjusted according to the severity of the condition and patient's response. A reduction in dosage once a satisfactory response has been achieved may prove possible. In fertile females, Danol capsules should be started during menstruation, preferably on the first day, to avoid exposing a pregnancy to its possible effects. Where doubt exists, appropriate checks should be made to exclude pregnancy before starting medication. Females of child-bearing age should employ non-hormonal contraception throughout the course of treatment.
In endometriosis, the recommended dosage is 200mg to 800mg daily in a course of treatment lasting normally three to six months. Dosage should be increased if normal cyclical bleeding still persists after two months therapy, a higher dosage (not exceeding 800mg per day) may also be needed for severe disease.
In benign fibrocystic breast disease, treatment should commence at a dose of 300mg daily, a course of treatment normally lasting 3 to 6 months.
Elderly: Danol is not recommended.
Children: Danol is not recommended.
The capsules are for oral administration.
4.3 Contraindications
1. Pregnancy
2. Breast feeding
3. Markedly impaired hepatic, renal or cardiac function
4. Porphyria
5. Active thrombosis or thromboembolic disease and a history of such events
6. Androgen dependent tumour
7. Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
8. Hypersensitivity to danazol or to any of the excipients.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Special warnings
In the event of virilisation, Danol should be withdrawn. Androgenic reactions generally prove reversible, but continued use of Danol after evidence of androgenic virilisation increases the risk of irreversible androgenic effects.
Danol should be stopped if any clinically significant adverse event arises, and particularly if there is evidence of papilloedema, headache, visual disturbances or other signs or symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, jaundice or other indication of significant hepatic disturbance, thrombosis or thromboembolism.
Whilst a course of therapy may need to be repeated, care should be observed as no safety data are available in relation to repeated courses of treatment over time. The long-term risk of 17-alkylated steroids (including benign hepatic adenomata, hepatocellular focal nodular hyperplasia, peliosis hepatis and hepatic carcinoma), should be considered when danazol, which is chemically related to those compounds, is used.
Data, from two case-control epidemiological studies, were pooled to examine the relationship between endometriosis, endometriosis treatments and ovarian cancer. These preliminary results suggest that the use of danazol might increase the baseline risk of ovarian cancer in - patients treated for endometriosis.
Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
In view of its pharmacology, known interactions and side effects, particular care should be observed when using Danol in patients with hepatic or renal disease, hypertension or other cardiovascular disease and in any state which may be exacerbated by fluid retention as well as in diabetes mellitus, polycythaemia, epilepsy, lipoprotein disorder, and in those who have shown marked or persistent androgenic reaction to previous gonadal steroid therapy.
Caution is advised in patients with migraine.
Until more is known, caution is advised in the use of Danol in the presence of known or suspected malignant disease (see also contra-indications). Before treatment initiation, the presence of hormone-dependent carcinoma should be excluded at least by careful clinical examination, as well as if breast nodules persist or enlarge during danazol treatment.
In addition to clinical monitoring in all patients, appropriate laboratory monitoring should be considered which may include periodic measurement of hepatic function and haematological state. For long-term treatment (> 6 months) or repeated courses of treatment, biannual hepatic ultrasonography is recommended.
Danazol should be initiated during menstruation. An effective, non-hormonal method of contraception should be employed (see Section 4.2 Posology and Method of Administration and 4.6 Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation).
The lowest effective dose of Danol should always be sought.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Anti-convulsant therapy: Danol may affect the plasma level of carbamazepine and possibly the patient's response to this agent and to phenytoin. With phenobarbital it is likely that similar interaction would occur.
Anti-diabetic therapy: Danol can cause insulin resistance.
Oral anti-coagulant therapy: Danol can potentiate the action of warfarin. Anti-hypertensive therapy: Possibly through promotion of fluid retention, Danol can oppose the action of anti-hypertensive agents.
Ciclosporin and tacrolimus: Danol can increase the plasma level of ciclosporin and tacrolimus, leading to an increase of the renal toxicity of these drugs.
Concomitant steroids: Although specific instances have not been described, it is likely that interactions will occur between Danol and gonadal steroid therapy.
Migraine therapy: Danol may itself provoke migraine and possibly reduce the effectiveness of medication to prevent that condition.
Ethyl alcohol: Subjective intolerance in the form of nausea and shortness of breath has been reported.
Alpha calcidol: Danol may increase the calcaemic response in primary hypoparathyroidism necessitating a reduction in dosage of this agent.
Interactions with laboratory function tests: Danazol treatment may interfere with laboratory determination of testosterone or plasma proteins (See also section 4.8 Undesirable effects)
Statins: The risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis is increased by concomitant administration of danazol with statins metabolised by CYP3A 4 such as simvastatin, atorvastatin and lovastatin.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
There is epidemiological and toxicological evidence of hazard in human pregnancy. Danazol is known to be associated with the risk of virilisation to the female foetus if administered during human pregnancy. Danazol should not be used during pregnancy. Women of childbearing age should be advised to use an effective, non-hormonal, method of contraception. If the patient conceives during therapy, danazol should be stopped. Danazol has the theoretical potential for androgenic effects in breast-fed infants and therefore either danazol therapy or breast-feeding should be discontinued.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Danol has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Increase in red cell and platelet count. Reversible polycythaemia, leucopoenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia and splenic peliosis.
Endocrine disorders
Androgenic effects:
Acne, weight gain, increased appetite, seborrhoea, hirsutism, hair loss, voice change, which may take the form of hoarseness, sore throat or of instability or deepening of pitch. Hypertrophy of the clitoris, fluid retention.
Other endocrine effects:
Menstrual disturbances in the form of spotting, alteration of the timing of the cycle and amenorrhoea. Flushing, vaginal dryness, changes in libido, vaginal irritation and reduction in breast size.
Modest reduction in spermatogenesis.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Increased insulin resistance, increase in plasma glucagon, mild impairment of glucose tolerance.
Increase in LDL cholesterol, decrease in HDL cholesterol, affecting all subfractions, and decrease in apolipoproteins AI and AII.
Induction of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, and reduction in thyroid binding globulin, T4, with increased uptake of T3 but without disturbance of thyroid stimulating hormone or free levothyroxine index.
Psychiatric disorders
Emotional lability, anxiety, depressed mood and nervousness.
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness, headache, vertigo, benign intracranial hypertension, migraine. Aggravation of epilepsy, carpal tunnel syndrome.
Eye disorders
Visual disturbances such as blurring of vision, difficulty in focusing, difficulty in wearing contact lenses and refraction disorders requiring correction.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pleuritic pain, interstitial pneumonitis.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea, epigastric pain.
Cardiac disorders
Hypertension, palpitations and tachycardia.
Thrombotic events including sagittal sinus, cerebrovascular thrombosis as well as arterial thrombosis. Myocardial infarction.
Hepatobiliary disorders
Isolated increases in serum transaminase levels, cholestatic jaundice, benign hepatic adenomata and pancreatitis. Peliosis hepatitis as well as malignant hepatic tumour observed with long term use.
Hepatocellular injury, hepatic failure, jaundice hepatocellular, hepatocellular focal nodular hyperplasia.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rashes, which may be maculopapular, petechial or purpuric and may be accompanied by fever or may take an urticarial form and may be accompanied by facial oedema. Sun-sensitive rash.
Inflammatory erythematosus nodules, changes in skin pigmentation, exfoliative dermatitis and erythema multiforme.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Backache and muscle cramps which can be severe, with elevation of creatine phosphokinase levels. Muscle tremors, fasciculation, limb pain, joint pain and joint swelling.
Renal and urinary disorders
Haematuria with prolonged use in patients with hereditary angi oedema.
General disorders and administration site conditions
Fatigue.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme, Tel: Freephone 0808 100 3352, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
Available evidence suggests that acute overdosage would be unlikely to give rise to immediate serious reaction.
In the case of acute overdose, consideration should be given to reducing the absorption of the drug with activated charcoal and the patient should be kept under observation in case of any delayed reactions.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: sex hormones and modulators of the genital system, antigonadotropins and similar agents, ATC code: G03XA01
Danazol, 17a-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno(2,3-d)-isoxazol-17-ol, is a synthetic steroid derived from ethisterone. Its pharmacological properties include:
1. Relatively marked affinity for androgen receptors, less marked affinity for progesterone receptors and least affinity for oestrogen receptors. Danazol is a weak androgen but in addition antiandrogenic, progestogenic, antiprogestogenic, oestrogenic and antioestrogenic actions have been observed.
2. Interference with the synthesis of gonadal steroids, possibly by inhibition of the enzymes of steroidogenesis, including 3P hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,17P hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 hydroxylase, 17, 20 lyase, 11P hydroxylase, 21 hydroxylase and cholesterol side chain cleavage enzymes, or alternatively by inhibition of the cyclic AMP accumulation usually induced by gonadotrophic hormones in granulosa and luteal cells.
3. Inhibition of the mid-cycle surge of FSH and LH as well as alterations in the pulsatility of LH. Danazol can also reduce the mean plasma levels of these gonadotrophins after the menopause.
4. A wide range of actions on plasma proteins, including increasing prothrombin, plasminogen, antithrombin III, alpha-2 macroglobulin, C1 esterase inhibitor, and erythropoietin and reducing fibrinogen, thyroid binding and sex hormone binding globulins. Danazol increases the proportion and concentration of testosterone carried unbound in plasma.
5 The suppressive effects of danazol on the hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis are reversible, cyclical activity reappearing normally within 60-90 days after therapy.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Danazol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations of 50-80ng/ml being reached approximately 2-3 hours after dosing. Compared to the fasting state, the bioavailability has been shown to increase 3 fold when the drug is taken with a meal with a high fat content. It is thought that food stimulates bile flow which facilitates the dissolution and absorption of danazol, a highly lipophilic compound.
The apparent plasma elimination half life of danazol in a single dose is approximately 3-6 hours. With multiple doses this may increase to approximately 26 hours.
None of the metabolites of danazol, which have been isolated, exhibits pituitary inhibiting activity comparable to that of danazol.
Few data on excretion routes and rates exist. In the monkey 36% of a radioactive dose was recoverable in the urine and 48% in the faeces within 96 hours.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no preclinical data of relevance to the prescriber, which are additional to those already included in other sections of the SmPC.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Capsule Maize Starch Lactose monohydrate Purified talc Magnesium stearate
Cap
Titanium dioxide (E171) Gelatin
Black iron oxide
Capsule Shell Body (size 3)
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Gelatin
Black Ink
Shellac Glaze 45% (20% esterified) in ethanol Iron oxide black (E172)
Propylene glycol (E1520)
Ammonium hydroxide 28%
Or
Shellac
Propylene glycol Strong ammonia solution Potassium hydroxide Black iron oxide (E172)
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life 3 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
None
6.5 Nature and contents of container
PVC blister pack compound of polyvinyl chloride (thickness 250pm) sealed to aluminium foil (thickness 20pm). The blisters are then packed in a cardboard carton.
Pack sizes: 50, 60 and 100 capsules.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements.
MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
7
Aventis Pharma Limited
One Onslow Street
Guildford
Surrey
GU1 4YS
UK
or trading as
Sanofi-aventis or Sanofi
One Onslow Street
Guildford
Surrey
GU1 4YS
UK
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 04425/0194
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
Date of First Authorisation: 10 June 1974 Date of Latest Renewal: 2 April 2002
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
18/03/2016