Dispersible Aspirin 75mg Tablets
Out of date information, search anotherSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Dispersible Aspirin 75mg Tablets BP
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains aspirin 75mg. Also contains lactose.
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Dispersible tablets.
White, flat tablets, embossed <F> on one side.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the secondary prevention of thrombotic cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease and following by-pass surgery.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
For Oral use
The advice of a doctor should be sought before commencing therapy for the first time. Tablets should be dissolved in water before being taken. The usual dosage, for long term use, is 75-150mg once daily. In some circumstances a higher dose may be appropriate, especially in the short term, and up to 300 mg a day may be used on the advice of a doctor.
Children:
Do not give to children aged under 16 years, unless specifically indicated (e.g. for Kawasaki’s disease).
Contraindications
4.3
i) Children under 16 years unless specifically indicated (e.g. for Kawasaki’s disease).
ii) Active peptic ulceration or a history of peptic ulceration or dyspepsia
iii) Haemophilia, or other haemorrhagic disorder (including thrombocytopenia) as there is an increased risk of bleeding, or concurrent anticoagulant therapy.
iv) Known hypersensitivity to aspirin, any other ingredients in the product (see section 6.1), other salicylates or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (a patient may have developed anaphylaxis, angioedema, asthma, rhinitis or urticaria induced by aspirin or other NSAIDs).
v) Gout
vi) Nasal polyps associated with asthma (high risk of severe sensitivity reactions)
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use:
Aspirin should be used with caution in patients with:
• allergic disease
• anaemia (may be exacerbated by GI blood loss)
• asthma (increased risk of bronchopastic sensitivity reactions)
• cardiac failure (conditions which predispose to fluid retention)
• dehydration
• glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (aspirin rarely causes haemolytic anaemia)
• hepatic function impairment (avoid if severe)
• renal function impairment (avoid if severe)
• surgery. Aspirin should be discontinued several days before scheduled surgery (including dental extractions)
• systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue disorders (hepatic and renal function may be impaired in these conditions)
• thyrotoxicosis (may be exacerbated by large doses of salicylates)
The elderly may be more susceptible to the toxic effects of salicylates. Continuous, prolonged use of aspirin should be avoided in the elderly because of the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Aspirin may interfere with insulin and glucagon in diabetes.
This product contains Lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
Aspirin should not be taken by patients with a stomach ulcer or a history of stomach ulcers. (See Section 4.3)
Before commencing long-term aspirin therapy for the management of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease patients should consult their doctor who can advise on the relative benefits of aspirin versus the risks for the individual patient.
There is a possible association between aspirin and Reye’s syndrome when given to children. Reye’s syndrome is a very rare disease, which affects the brain and liver, and can be fatal. For this reason aspirin should not be given to children aged under 16 years unless specifically indicated (e.g. for Kawasaki’s disease).
If symptoms persist, consult your doctor
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and ether forms of interaction
Anticoagulants: Aspirin may enhance the effects of anticoagulants: concurrent use is contraindicated (see section 4.3)
Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS): Concurrent administration can increase side effects. Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. However, the limitations of these data and the uncertainties regarding extrapolation of ex vivo data to the clinical situation imply that no firm conclusions can be made for regular ibuprofen use, and no clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use (see section 5.1)
Alcohol: Some of the effects of aspirin on the gastrointestinal tract are enhanced by alcohol. (See section 4.4)
Antacids and adsorbents: The excretion of aspirin is increased in alkaline urine; kaolin possibly reduces absorption.
Antiemetics: Metoclopramide and domperidone enhance the effects of aspirin by increasing the rate of absorption.
Corticosteroids: The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration is increased. Corticosteroids reduce the plasma salicylate concentration.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Reduced excretion of acetazolamide with an increased risk of toxicity. Salicytate intoxication has occurred in patients on high dose salicylate regimens and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Antimetabolites: The activity of methotrexate may be markedly enhanced and its toxicity increased.
ACE inhibitors: Aspirin may reduce the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors.
Antiepileptics: May enhance the effects of phenytoin and sodium valproate.
Antibacterials: The toxicity of sulfonamides may be increased.
Diuretics: Antagonism of the diuretic effect of spironolactone. Risk of toxic effects with furosemide.
Hypoglycaemic agents: Large doses of aspirin may enhance the effects of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents.
Leukotriene antagonists: The plasma concentration of zafirlukast is increased.
Mifepristone: The manufacturer of mifepristone recommends that aspirin should be avoided until eight to twelve days after mifepristone has been discontinued.
Uricosurics: Effect of probenecid and sulfinpyrazone reduced.
Dipyridamole: Increase in peak concentration
Ototoxic medicine (e.g vancomycin): potential for ototoxicity increased. Hearing loss may occur and may progress to deafness even after discontinuation of the medication. Effects may be reversible but are usually permanent.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Controlled trials in humans using aspirin have not shown evidence of teratogenic effects. However, studies in animals have shown that salicylates can cause birth defects including fissure of the spine and skull, facial clefts and malformations of the CNS, viscera and skeleton. Ingestion of aspirin during the last two weeks of pregnancy may increase the risk of fetal or neonatal haemorrhage. Regular or high dose use of salicylates late in pregnancy may result in constriction or premature closing of the fetal ductus arteriosus, increased risk of still birth or neonatal death, decreased birth weight, prolonged gestation and labour, complicated deliveries and increased risk of maternal or fetal haemorrhage and possibly persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn or kernicterus in jaundiced neonates. Pregnant women should be advised not to take aspirin in the last three months of pregnancy unless under medical supervision.
Lactation
Aspirin is distributed in breastmilk. Aspirin should be avoided while breastfeeding -due to the possible risk of Reye’s syndrome in the infant. Regular use of high doses could impair platelet function and produce hypoprothrombinaemia in the infant if neonatal Vitamin K stores are low.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Aspirin does not usually affect the ability to drive or operate machinery.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Side effects are generally mild and infrequent.
Blood and the lymphatic system disorders: Aspirin increases bleeding time, decreases platelet adhesiveness and, in large doses, may cause hypoprothrombinaemia. It may also cause other blood disorders including anaemia, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia, pancytopenia. Haemolytic anaemia can occur in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD).
Immune system disorders: Aspirin may precipitate bronchospasm, and induce asthma attacks, rhinitis, angioedema, urticaria, worsening of asthma or other hypersensitivity reaction in susceptible individuals.
Ear & labyrinth disorders: tinnitus
Gastrointestinal disorders: Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration which can occasionally be major (may develop bloody or black tarry stools, severe stomach pain and vomiting blood), gastrointestinal irritation (mild stomach pain, heartburn and nausea)
Hepato-biliary disorders: Hepatitis (particularly in patients with SLE or connective tissue disease)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Skin reactions may occur in susceptible patients.
Investigations: Aspirin may interfere with thyroid function tests, as well as some laboratory tests, such as 5-hydroxyundoleacetic acid determinations and copper sulphate urine sugar tests.
Injury and poisoning: Salicylism: mild chronic salicylate intoxication may occur after repeated administration of large doses. Symptoms include dizziness, deafness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, headache and mental confusion, and may be controlled by reducing the dose.
4.9 Overdose
Salicylate poisoning is usually associated with plasma concentrations >350mg/L (2.5mmol/L) Most adult deaths occur in patients whose concentrations exceed 700mg/L (5.1mmol/L). Single doses less than 100mg/kg are unlikely to cause serious poisoning.
Symptoms
Common features of salicylates poisoning include vomiting, dehydration, tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, sweating, warm extremities with bounding pulses, increased respiratory rate and hyperventilation. Some degree of acid-base disturbance is present in most cases.
A mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis with normal or high arterial pH (normal or reduced hydrogen ion concentration) is usual in adults and children over the age of four years. In children aged four years or less, a dominant metabolic acidosis with low arterial pH (raised hydrogen ion concentration) is common.
Acidosis may increase salicylate transfer across the blood brain barrier.
Uncommon features of salicylates poisoning include haematemesis, hyperpyrexia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, thrombocytopaenia, increased INR/PTR, intravascular coagulation, renal failure and non-cardiac pulmonary oedema.
Central nervous system features including confusion, disorientation, coma and convulsions are less common in adults than in children.
Treatment
Give activated charcoal if an adult presents within one hour of ingestion of more than 250mg/kg. The plasma salicylate concentration should be measured, although the severity of poisoning cannot be determined from this alone and the clinical and biochemical features must be taken into account. Elimination is increased by urinary alkalinisation, which is achieved by the administration of 1.26% sodium bicarbonate. The urine pH should be monitored. Correct metabolic acidosis with intravenous 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (first check serum potassium). Forced diuresis should not be used since it does not enhance salicylate excretion and may cause pulmonary oedema.
Haemodialysis is the treatment of choice for severe poisoning and should be considered in patients with plasma salicylate concentrations >700mg/L (5.1mmol/L), or Iower concentrations associated with severe clinical or metabolic features. Patients under ten -years or over 70-have increased risk of salicylate toxicity and may require dialysis at an earlier stage.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
BO1A C (blood and blood forming organs - antithrombotic agents)
Aspirin is an analgesic and antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthetase.
Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. In one study, when a single dose of ibuprofen 400mg was taken within 8 h before or within 30 min after immediate release aspirin dosing (81mg), a decreased effect of ASA on the formation of thromboxane or platelet aggregation occurred. However, the limitations of these data and the uncertainties regarding extrapolation of ex vivo data to the clinical situation imply that no firm conclusions can be made for regular ibuprofen use, and no clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use (see section 5.1).
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption
Absorption of non-ionised aspirin occurs in the stomach and intestine. Some aspirin is hydrolysed to salicylate in the gut wall. After absorption aspirin is rapidly converted to salicylate but during the first 20 minutes aspirin is the predominant form of the drug in the plasma. Absorption is delayed by the presence of food and is impaired in patients suffering migraine attacks. Absorption is more rapid in patients with achlorydia and also following administration of polysorbates and antacids.
Peak plasma concentrations of approximately 45mcg/ml are attained 1 to 2 hours after an oral dose of 640mg, but stabilise at approximately 270mcg/ml after oral doses of 3g daily. After an oral dose of about 2g, peak plasma concentrations of approximately l5mcg/ml of aspirin are attained in about one hour and peak plasma concentrations of approximately) 130mcg/ml of salicylate are attained in 2 to 4 hours.
Distribution
Aspirin is bound to plasma proteins and is widely distributed.
Aspirin is found in the saliva, milk, plasma and synovial fluid at concentrations less than blood and crosses the placenta.
Metabolism
Plasma-aspirin concentrations decline rapidly (half-life 15-20 minutes) as plasma salicylate concentrations increase. Both aspirin and salicylate have pharmacological activity; only aspirin has an anti-platelet effect.
Salicylate is mainly eliminated by hepatic metabolism; the metabolities include salicyluric acid, salicyl phenolic glucuronide, salicylic acyl glucuronide, gentisic acid, and gentisuric acid.
Excretion
Plasma / Aspirin ti/2_ Approximately 17 minutes
Plasma / Salicylate ti/2 Low doses 2-4 hours
High doses up to 19 hours
Salicylate is also excreted unchanged in the urine; the amount excreted by this route increases with increasing dose and also depends on urinary pH, about 30% of a dose being excreted in alkaline urine compared with 2% of a dose in acidic urine. Renal excretion involves glomerular filtration, active renal tubular secretion, and passive tubular reabsorption.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
None stated.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium Saccharin E954
Citric acid E330 Calcium Carbonate E170 Maize Starch Purified Talc E553b Sodium Lauryl Sulphate
Lactose monohydrate
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable
6.3 Shelf life
3 years.
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C.
Blister packs: store in the original package.
Polypropylene/polyethylene containers: keep the container tightly closed.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Pack sizes 12-100 are P packs Polypropylene/polyethylene containers:
32, 50 & 100 tablets
Blister Pack: Blister strips consist of a 35gsm paper/9p soft tempered aluminium oil lid and 250p PVC film base in cartons:
Or
Child resistant Aluminium/PVC blister packs: Blister strips consist of a 20pm hard aluminium foil laminated to 15pm rigid PVC and 250 p PVC film base in cartons.
Blister packs: 12, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 48, 56 60. 84, 96, 98 and 100.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Bristol Laboratories Ltd,
Unit 3, Canalside,
Northbridge Road
Berkhamsted HP4 1EG UK
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 17907/0155
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
07/03/2011
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
07/03/2011