Doxazosin 2mg Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Doxazosin 2 mg Tablets
Doxadura 2 mg Tablets
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Doxazosin 2 mg (as mesilate).
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Tablets
Doxazosin 2mg is white to off-white, capsule shaped biconvex tablet, scored on one side.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Hypertension: Doxazosin is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and can be used as the sole agent to control blood pressure in the majority of patients. In patients inadequately controlled on single antihypertensive therapy, Doxazosin may be used in combination with a thiazide diuretic, beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, calcium antagonist or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Doxazosin is indicated for the treatment of urinary outflow obstruction and symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Doxazosin may be used in BPH patients who are either hypertensive or normotensive.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Doxazosin may be administered in the morning or the evening.
Hypertension: Doxazosin is used in a once daily regimen: the initial dose is 1 mg to minimise the potential for postural hypotension and/or syncope (see section 4.4). Dosage may then be increased to 2 mg after an additional one or two weeks of therapy and thereafter, if necessary to 4 mg. The majority of patients who respond to Doxazosin will do so at a dose of 4 mg or less. Dosage can be further increased if necessary to 8 mg or the maximum recommended dose of 16 mg.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: The recommended initial dosage of Doxazosin is 1mg given once daily to minimise the potential for postural hypotension and/or syncope (see section 4.4). Depending on the individual patient's urodynamics and BPH symptomatology dosage may then be increased to 2 mg and thereafter to 4 mg and up to the maximum recommended dose of 8 mg. The recommended titration interval is 1-2 weeks. The usual recommended dose is 2-4 mg daily.
Paediatric population: The safety and efficacy of Doxazosin in children and adolescents have not been established.
Elderly: Normal adult dosage.
Patients with renal impairment: Since there is no change in pharmacokinetics in patients with impaired renal function, the usual adult dose of Doxazosin is recommended.
Doxazosin is not dialysable.
Patients with hepatic impairment: There are only limited data in patients with liver impairment and on the effect of drugs known to influence hepatic metabolism (e.g. cimetidine). As with any drug wholly metabolised by the liver, Doxazosin should be administered with caution to patients with evidence of impaired liver function (see section 4.4 and section 5.2).
4.3 Contraindications
Doxazosin is contraindicated in:
1. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to quinazolines (e.g. doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin) or any of the excipients.
2. Patients with a history of orthostatic hypotension.
3. Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and concomitant congestion of the upper urinary tract, chronic urinary tract infection or bladder stones.
4. During lactation (for the hypertension indication only; see section 4.6: Fertility, pregnancy and lactation).
5. Patients with hypotension (for benign prostatic hyperplasia indication only).
Doxazosin is contraindicated as monotherapy in patients with either overflow bladder or anuria with or without progressive renal insufficiency.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Postural Hypotension/Syncope:
Initiation of Therapy - In relation with the alpha-blocking properties of doxazosin, patients may experience postural hypotension evidenced by dizziness and weakness, or rarely loss of consciousness (syncope), particularly with the commencement of therapy (see section 4.2). Therefore, it is prudent medical practice to monitor blood pressure on initiation of therapy to minimise the potential for postural effects.
When instituting therapy with any effective alpha-blocker, the patient should be advised how to avoid symptoms resulting from postural hypotension and what measures to take should they develop. The patient should be cautioned to avoid situations where injury could result, should dizziness or weakness occur during the initiation of Doxazosin therapy.
Use in patients with Acute Cardiac Conditions:
As with any other vasodilatory anti-hypertensive agent it is prudent medical practice to advise caution when administering doxazosin to patients with the following acute cardiac conditions:
- pulmonary oedema due to aortic or mirtal stenosis
- high - output cardiac failure
- right sided heart failure due to pulmonary embolism or pericardial effusion
- left ventricular heart failure with low filling pressure
Use in Hepatically Impaired patients:
As with any drug wholly metabolised by the liver, Doxazosin should be administered with particular caution to patients with evidence of impaired hepatic function (see section 4.2: Posology and method of administration). Since there is no clinical experience in patients with severe hepatic impairment use in these patients is not recommended.
Use with PDE-5 Inhibitors:
Concomitant administration of doxazosin with phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) should be done with caution as both drugs have vasodilating effects and may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients. To reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension it is recommended to initiate the treatment with phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors only if the patient is hemodynamically stabilized on alpha-blocker therapy. .
Furthermore, it is recommended to initiate phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor treatment with the lowest possible dose and to respect a 6-hour time interval from intake of doxazosin.
Use in patients undergoing cataract surgery: The 'Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome' (IFIS, a variant of small pupil syndrome) has been observed during cataract surgery in some patients on or previously treated with tamsulosin. Isolated reports have also been received with other alpha-1 blockers and the possibility of a class effect cannot be excluded. As IFIS may lead to increased procedural complications during the cataract operation current or past use of alpha-1 blockers should be made known to the ophthalmic surgeon in advance of surgery.
Priapism
Prolonged erections and priapism have been reported with alpha-1 blockers including doxazosin in post marketing experience. If priapism is not treated immediately, it could result in penile tissue damage and permanent loss of potency, therefore the patient should seek immediate medical assistance.
This medicine contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors (eg. sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil):
Concomitant administration of doxazosin with a PDE-5 inhibitor may lead to symptomatic hypotension in some patients (see section 4.4: Special warnings and precautions for use).
Doxazosin is highly bound to plasma proteins (98%). In vitro data in human plasma indicates that doxazosin has no effect on protein binding of the drugs tested (digoxin, phenytoin, warfarin or indomethacin).
Conventional doxazosin has been administered without any adverse drug interaction in clinical experience with thiazide diuretics, furosemide, beta-blocking agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, oral hypoglycaemic drugs, uricosuric agents or anticoagulants. However, data from formal drug/drug interaction studies are not present.
Doxazosin potentiates the blood pressure lowering activity of other alpha-blockers and other antihypertensives.
In an open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 22 healthy male volunteers, the administration of a single 1 mg dose of doxazosin on day 1 of a four-day regimen of oral cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) resulted in a 10% increase in mean AUC of doxazosin, and no statistically significant changes in mean Cmax and mean half-life of doxazosin. The 10% increase in the mean AUC for doxazosin with cimetidine is within intersubject variation (27%) of the mean AUC for doxazosin with placebo.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
For the hypertension indication:
Use during pregnancy : As there are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women, the safety of doxazosin during pregnancy has not yet been established. Accordingly, doxazosin should be used only when, in the opinion of the physician, potential benefit outweighs potential risk. Although no teratogenic effects were seen in animal testing, reduced foetal survival was observed in animals at extremely high doses (see Section 5.3: Pre-clinical safety data). These doses were approximately 300 times the maximum recommended human dose.
Use during lactation: Doxazosin is contraindicated during lactation as animal studies have shown that doxazosin accumulates in breast milk of lactating rats, and there is no information on the excretion of the drug into the milk of lactating women. The clinical safety of doxazosin during lactation has not been established; consequently doxazosin is contraindicated in nursing mothers.
Use during breast-feeding: Alternatively, mothers should stop breast-feeding when treatment with doxazosin is necessary (Please see section 5.3: Preclinical safety data).
For the benign prostatic hyperplasia indication: This section is not applicable.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
The ability to drive or use machinery may be impaired, especially when initiating therapy.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Hypertension: In clinical trials involving patients with hypertension, the most common reactions associated with Doxazosin therapy were of a postural type (rarely associated with fainting) or non-specific.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Experience in controlled clinical trials in BPH indicates a similar adverse event profile to that seen in hypertension.
Frequencies: Very common > 1/10, Common > 1/100, Uncommon > 1/1,000, Rare > 1/10,000, Very Rare < 1/10,000, Unknown - cannot be estimated from available data.
|
MedDRA System Organ Class |
Frequency |
Undesirable effects |
|
Infections and infestations |
Common |
Respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection |
|
Blood and Lymphatic Disorders |
Very rare |
Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia |
|
Immune System Disorders |
Uncommon |
Allergic drug reaction |
|
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders |
Uncommon |
Gout, increased appetite, anorexia |
|
Psychiatric Disorders |
Uncommon |
Agitation, depression, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness |
|
Nervous System Disorders |
Common |
Somnolence, dizziness, headache |
|
Uncommon |
Cerebrovascular accident, hypoesthesia, syncope, tremor | |
|
Very rare |
Postural dizziness, paraesthesia | |
|
Eye Disorders |
Very rare |
Blurred vision |
|
Unknown |
Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (see section 4.4) | |
|
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders |
Common |
Vertigo |
|
Uncommon |
Tinnitus | |
|
Cardiac disorder |
Common |
Palpitation, tachycardia |
|
Uncommon |
Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction | |
|
Very rare |
Bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias | |
|
Vascular Disorders |
Common |
Hypotension, postural hypotension |
|
Very rare |
Hot flushes | |
|
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders |
Common |
Bronchitis, cough, dyspnoea, rhinitis |
|
Uncommon |
Epistaxis | |
|
Very rare |
Aggravated bronchospasm | |
|
Gastrointestinal Disorders |
Common |
Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, dry mouth, nausea |
|
Uncommon |
Constipation, flatulence, vomiting, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea | |
|
Hepatobiliary Disorders |
Uncommon |
Abnormal liver function tests |
|
Very rare |
Cholestasis, hepatitis, jaundice | |
|
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders |
Common |
Pruritis |
|
Uncommon |
Skin rash | |
|
Very rare |
Urticaria, alopecia, prupura | |
|
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders |
Common |
Back pain, myalgia |
|
Uncommon |
Arthralgia | |
|
Rare |
Muscle cramps, muscles weakness | |
|
Renal and Urinary Disorders |
Common |
Cystitis, urinary incontinence |
|
Uncommon |
Dysuria, micturition frequency, haematuria | |
|
Rare |
Polyuria | |
|
Very rare |
Increased diuresis, micturition disorder, nocturia | |
|
Reproductive System and Breast Disorders |
Uncommon |
Impotence |
|
Very rare |
Gynaecomastia, priapism | |
|
Unknown |
Retrograde ejaculation | |
|
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions |
Common |
Asthenia, chest pain, influenza-like symptoms, peripheral oedema |
|
Uncommon |
Pain, facial oedema | |
|
Very rare |
Fatigue, malaise | |
|
Investigations |
Uncommon |
Weight increase |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme website: https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk
4.9 Overdose
Should overdosage lead to hypotension, the patient should be immediately placed in a supine, head down position. Other supportive measures may be appropriate in individual cases.
If this measure is inadequate, shock should first be treated with volume expanders. If necessary, vasopressor should then be used. Renal function should be monitored and supported as needed.
Since Doxazosin is highly protein bound, dialysis is not indicated.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist
ATC code: C02C A04
Doxazosin is a potent and selective post-junctional alpha-1-adrenoceptor antagonist. This action results in a decrease in systemic blood pressure. Doxazosin is appropriate for oral administration in a once daily regimen in patients with essential hypertension.
Doxazosin has been shown to be free of adverse metabolic effects and are suitable for use in patients with co-existent diabetes mellitus, gout and insulin resistance.
Doxazosin is suitable for use in patients with coexistent asthma, left ventricular hypertrophy and in elderly patients. Treatment with Doxazosin has been shown to result in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, inhibition of platelet aggregation and enhanced activity of tissue plasminogen activator. Additionally, Doxazosin improves insulin sensitivity in patients with impairment.
Doxazosin, in addition to its antihypertensive effect, has in long term studies produced a modest reduction in plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and therefore may be of particular benefit to hypertensive patients with concomitant hyperlipidaemia.
Administration of Doxazosin to patients with symptomatic BPH results in a significant improvement in urodynamics and symptoms. The effect in BPH is thought to result from selective blockade of the alpha-adrenoceptors located in the muscular stroma and capsule of the prostate, and in the bladder neck.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption: Following oral administration in humans (young male adults or the elderly of either sex), Doxazosin is well absorbed and approximately two thirds of the dose is bioavailable.
Biotransformation/Elimination: Approximately 98% of Doxazosin is protein-bound in plasma. Doxazosin is extensively metabolised in man and in the animal species tested, with the faeces being the predominant route of excretion.
The mean plasma elimination half-life is 22 hours thus making the drug suitable for once daily administration.
After oral administration of Doxazosin the plasma concentrations of the metabolites are low. The most active (6' hydroxy) metabolite is present in man at one fortieth of the plasma concentration of the parent compound which suggests that the antihypertensive activity is in the main due to Doxazosin.
There are only limited data in patients with liver impairment and on the effects of drugs known to influence hepatic metabolism (e.g. cimetidine). In a clinical study in 12 subjects with moderate hepatic impairment, single dose administration of Doxazosin resulted in an increase in AUC of 43% and a decrease in apparent oral clearance of 40%. As with any drug wholly metabolised by the liver, Doxazosin should be administered with caution to patients with impaired liver function (see section 4.4).
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional animal studies in safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. For further information see section 4.6.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
lactose monohydrate magnesium stearate microcrystalline cellulose sodium lauryl sulphate sodium starch glycolate (type A) colloidal anhydrous silica
6.2 Incompatibilities
None
6.3 Shelf life
3 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
No special precautions for storage.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Aluminium PVC/PVDC blister:
28 tablets in a calendar pack.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Dexcel®-Pharma Ltd 7 Sopwith Way Drayton Fields
8
9
10
Daventry Northamptonshire NN11 8PB UK
MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 14017/0033
DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
03/05/2002
02/03/2009
DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
24/11/2016