Endofalk Powder For Oral Solution
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Endofalk powder for oral solution
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
1 sachet contains:
0.185 g 1.400 g 0.715 g
52.500 g
Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium hydrogen carbonate Macrogol 3350
1 litre reconstituted solution contains:
Sodium hydrogen carbonate 1.430 g
Macrogol 3350 105 g 1 litre reconstituted solution corresponds to:
Potassium 5 mmol/l
Sodium 65 mmol/l
Chloride 53 mmol/l
Hydrogen carbonate 17 mmol/l
Macrogol 3350 31 mmol/l
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Powder for oral solution
White powder
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For emptying the bowel before colonoscopy.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
For complete cleansing of the bowel 3 or a maximum of 4 litres Endofalk solution have to be consumed. 1 sachet is equivalent to 'A litre of solution.
The solution is drunk in portions of 200 - 300 ml every 10 minutes until the rectal outflow is clear. The solution is taken over a period of about 4 hours, generally on the day of the investigation. Alternatively, the entire quantity can be given on the previous evening, or part on the previous evening and the remainder in the morning of the examination day.
The patient should not eat any solid food from 2 - 3 hours before administration of Endofalk until after the examination.
There is no sufficient experience with the use of Endofalk in children. Therefore Endofalk should not be administered in children.
Preparation of solution
The solution should be freshly prepared immediately before use. Dissolve the contents of 2 sachets in 500 ml of lukewarm tap-water or cooled boiled water. Subsequently dilute to 1 litre with water. Care should be taken that the sachets are completely emptied for the preparation of the solution. The prepared solution can be put into a refrigerator after preparation to cool as the cooled solution is more palatable to drink.
4.3 Contraindications
Ileus and suspected ileus, gastro-intestinal obstruction or perforation, danger of gastro-intestinal perforation, hyperflorid colitis, toxic megacolon, disorders of emptying of the stomach. Hypersensitivity to the active substances, other macrogols or to any of the excipients.
Endofalk should not be administered to unconscious patients or those with impaired consciousness, general weakness and patients with a tendency to aspiration or regurgitation or impaired swallowing reflex.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Endofalk should only be administered under medical supervision in patients with reflux oesophagitis or pre-existing cardiac arrhythmias, suspected or known S-A block or sick sinus syndrome and in elderly patients.
Endofalk may be used in patients with chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases (except for the highly florid stages and toxic megacolon), but caution is necessary and medical supervision is advisable.
Endofalk should not be used in patients with kidney and heart failure (grade III and IV) and liver diseases or in patients with severe dehydration as the safety of use in these patient groups has not been adequately demonstrated.
Careful monitoring of the electrolyte and water balance is necessary in relevant patients at risk e.g. the elderly or debilitated.
Note for use
No other solution or additives (especially sugar or flavouring substances incompatible with Endofalk solution) should be added to the Endofalk drinking solution as this can lead to a change in osmolarity or the electrolyte composition or to the development of explosive gas mixtures in the intestines on breakdown of the added substances by the intestinal bacterial flora.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Orally administered medicinal products taken up to several hours before or during ingestion of Endofalk may possibly be flushed out of the gastrointestinal tract or be absorbed only to a lesser degree or even not at all. This applies especially to medicinal products with delayed release. If the administration of a medicinal products is absolutely necessary for a vital indication shortly before or during the ingestion of Endofalk, oral administration should be avoided, where possible, and alternatives used.
In diagnostic investigations of the discharged intestinal liquid using enzymatic test procedures (e.g. ELISA), there may be interactions between macrogol 3350 and the enzymatic tests.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
For Endofalk no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available.
Animal studies have not shown teratogenic effects. Therefore, considering the absence of absorption of macrogol 3350, administration of Endofalk to pregnant women may be considered after careful risk/benefit assessment.
Lactation
There are no human data on the excretion of macrogol 3350 in human milk. However macrogol 3350 is poorly absorbed. The prescription of Endofalk to breastfeeding women can be considered when necessary.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Endofalk has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines
4.8
Undesirable effects
The assessment of undesirable effects is based on the following frequencies:
Very common: (> 1/10)
Common: (> 1/100 to <1/10)
Uncommon: (> 1/1000 to <1/100)
Rare: (> 1/10,000 to < 1/1000)
Very rare (<1/10,000)
Not known (cannot be estimated from available data)
The most frequently observed undesirable effects with Endofalk during a clinical trial were abdominal distension and nausea (very common).
These effects are largely attributable to the drinking of relatively large volumes of liquid within a short period. If gastro-intestinal symptoms, in particular nausea and vomiting develop, the administration of Endofalk should be temporarily slowed or stopped until the symptoms disappear.
The undesirable effects, which have been reported with the use of Endofalk and comparable macrogol containing bowel cleansing preparations spontaneously and in the context of clinical trials, are summarised in the following table, grouped by system organ class and frequency.
|
System Organ Class |
Frequency according to |
MedDRA convention | |
|
Very common |
Common |
Not known | |
|
Immune System Disorders |
Urticaria, rhinorrhoea and dermatitis, presumably of allergic origin Anaphylactic shock | ||
|
Nervous System Disorders |
Neurological effects ranging from mild disorientation up to generalised seizures as a consequence of altered serum levels of electrolytes (see investigations) | ||
|
Cardiac Disorders |
Cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, lung edema | ||
|
Gastrointestinal Disorders |
Nausea, feeling of fullness and flatulence |
Vomiting, gastric colics and irritation of the anus |
Mallory-Weiss- Syndrome |
|
General Disorders |
General malaise and insomnia | ||
|
Investigations |
Clinically relevant decrease in serum levels of calcium, potassium and sodium | ||
4.9 Overdose
On overdose, severe Diarrhea will occur. Only in severe overdose, derangement of the electrolyte and water balance and or the acid and base balance may be expected. Adequate replacement of fluids and monitoring of the serum electrolytes and pH should be carried out. If there is derangement of the electrolyte and water balance or of the acid-base balance, the electrolytes should also be replaced and the acid-base balance should be adjusted.
In the case of aspiration, toxic lung oedema may develop, which requires immediate intensive care, including positive pressure respiration.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Osmotically acting laxatives; macrogol
combinations
ATC code: A 06 AD 65
Endofalk is a mixture of various salts with macrogol 3350 for the production of an isotonic bowel-cleansing solution.
The pharmacodynamic action consists of the initiation of diarrhoea. The intestines are emptied and cleansed. In the finished solution the electrolytes are present in a balanced form so that the absorption and secretion of water and electrolytes in the gastro-intestinal tract are largely neutral and the net flow is almost zero. The addition of high molecular macrogol 3350 gives rise to an iso-osmolar concentration which has a comparable particle concentration to plasma. This prevents any notable shift in fluids between the gastrointestinal lumen and the vascular space. There is practically no influence on the body's electrolyte and water balance because of this equilibration and osmolarity.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Macrogol 3350 itself is an inert compound which is only minimally absorbed during the gastro-intestinal transit and it is not metabolised. A minimal amount of macrogol 3350, <1% of the applied dose, is excreted in the urine.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Preclinical studies have shown that Macrogol 3350 does not have any significant systemic toxic potential.
Two teratogenicity studies were performed, one in rats and one in rabbits. Macrogol 3350 was administered orally at doses up to 2000 mg/kg bodyweight/day between day 6 and day 17 of gestation in rats and between day 6 and day 18 of gestation in rabbits. Results of both studies did not show any evidence of maternotoxic or teratogenic effects up to 2000 mg/kg bodyweight/day.
6.1 List of excipients
Saccharin sodium
orange- and passionfruit flavour
Silica, colloidal anhydrous
6.2 Incompatibilities
The solution should not be mixed with other solutions or additives. (see 4.4.)
6.3 Shelf life
Powder: 5 years
Reconstituted solution: 3 hours at room temperature (<25°C), 48 hours at 2°C - 8°C (in a refrigerator).
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Powder: No special precautions for storage
Reconstituted solution:
Do not store above 25°C or
Store at 2°C - 8°C (in a refrigerator).
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Sachets: covering material paper/Alu/PE.
Pack sizes 6 sachets and 72 sachets Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH Leinenweberstrasse 5 79108 Freiburg Germany
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 08637/0004
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
19/02/2010
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
01/05/2011