Flucloxacillin Sodium For Injection 250mg
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□ RDFIND PHARMACEUTICALS GROUP |
’ 'opharma |
Villerton Invest S.A. Bozza del/proof date; 31/05/2012
Prodotto/ product;
Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection
Codice prodotto/item code; K194700
Codice a barre/ barcode;
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
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Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g.
1. Name of Medicinal Product
Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 250 mg Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 500 mg Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 1 g
2. Qualitative and Quantitative Composition
Flucloxacillin sodium 250 mg per vial Flucloxacillin sodium 500 mg per vial Flucloxacillin sodium 1 g per vial
3. Pharmaceutical Form
Powder for solution for injection
4. Clinical Particulars
4.1 Therapeutic Indications
Flucloxacillin is indicated for the treatment of infections due to Gram-positive organisms, including infections caused by ft-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Typical indications include:
Skin and soft tissue infections: boils, abscesses, carbuncles, furunculosis, cellulitis; infected skin conditions, e.g. ulcer, eczema and acne; infected wounds, infected burns, protection for skin grafts and impetigo.
Respiratory tract infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, quinsy, otitis media and externa.
Other infections caused by flucloxarillm-sensitive organisms: osteomyelitis, enteritis, endocarditis, urinary tract infection, meningitis, septicaemia.
Flucloxacillin is also indicated for use as a prophylactic agent during major surgical procedures where appropriate: for example, cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery.
Parental usage is indicated where oral dosage is inappropriate.
4.2 Posology and Method of Administration Adults:
Usual adult dosage (including elderly patients)
Intramuscular - 250 mg four times a day.
Intravenous - 250 mg to 1g four times a day
The above systemic dosages may be doubled where necessary;
Treatment of osteomyelitis, endocarditis - Up to 8g daily in divided doses six to eight hourly. Surgical prophylaxis - 1 to 2g IV at induction of anaesthesia followed by 500mg six hourly IV, or IM for up to 72 hours.
Flucloxacillin may be administered by other routes in conjunction with systemic therapy. Intrapleural - 250 mg once daily By nebuliser - 125 to 250 mg four times a day.
Intra-articular - 250 to 500 mg once daily.
Children:
Proportionately lower doses should be given in children.
Usual children’s dosage 2-10 years: half adult dose Under 2 years: quarter adult dose.
Abnormal renal function:
In common with other penicillins, Flucloxacillin usage in patients with renal impairment does not usually require dosage reduction. However, in the presence of severe renal failure
(creatinine clearance <10 ml/min) a reduction in dose or an extension of dose interval should be considered. Flucloxacillin is not significantly removed by dialysis and hence no supplementary dosages need to be administered either during, or at the end of the dialysis period.
Intramuscular Administration:
Add 1.5 ml Water for Injections to 250 mg vial contents or 2 ml Water for Injections to 500 mg vial contents.
Intravenous Administration:
Dissolve 250-500 mg in 5-10 ml Water for Injections or 1-2g in 15-20 ml Water for Injections. Administer by slow intravenous injection (three to four minutes). Flucloxacillin may also be added to infusion fluids or injected, suitably diluted, into the drip tube over a period of three to four minutes.
Intrapleural Administration:
Dissolve 250 mg in 5-10 ml Water for Injections.
Intraarticular Administration:
Dissolve 250-500 mg in up to 5ml Water for Injections or 0.5% lignocaine hydrochloride solution.
Nebuliser Solution Administration:
Dissolve 125-250 mg of the vial contents in 3 ml sterile water.
4.3 Contraindications
Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection is contraindicated in patients with a penicillin or ft-lactam (e.g. cephalosporins) hypersensitivity. It is also contraindicated in patients with a previous history of flucloxacillin-associated jaundice/hepatic dysfunction. It is also contraindicated for ocular administration.
4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for Use
Before initiating therapy with flucloxacillin, careful enquiry should be made concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to ft-lactams. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) have been reported in patients receiving ft-lactam antibiotics. Although anaphylaxis is more frequent following parenteral therapy, it has occurred in patients on oral therapy. These reactions are more likely to occur in people with a history of ft-lactam hypersensitivity.
Flucloxacillin should be used with caution in patients with evidence of hepatic dysfunction, patients > 50 years of age and those with serious underlying disease. In these patients, hepatic events may be severe, and in very rare circumstances, deaths have been reported (see section 4.8).
Special caution is essential in the newborn because of the risk of hyperbilirubinaemia. Studies have shown that, at high dose following parenteral administration, flucloxacillin can displace bilirubin from plasma protein binding sites and may, therefore, predispose to kernicterus in a jaundiced baby. Also, special caution is essential in the newborn because of the potential risk for high serum levels of flucloxacillin due to a reduced rate of renal excretion.
During prolonged treatments (eg osteomyelitis, endocarditis), regular monitoring of hepatic and renal function is recommended.
Flucloxacillin injection contains approximately 51 mg sodium per g. This should be included in the daily allowance of patients on sodium restricted diets.
Prolonged use of an anti-infective may occasionally result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms.
4.5 Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of Interaction
Flucloxacillin may decrease the efficacy of oestrogen containing contraceptives. The plasma concentration is enhanced if probenesid is given concurrently. There is decreased excretion of methotrexate (increased risk of toxicity).
Please see section 6.2.
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PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER
Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g.
The name of your medicine is Flucloxacillin Sodium for Injection 250 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, which will be referred to as Flucloxacillin throughout this leaflet.
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine.
- Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
- If you have further questions, please ask your doctor or your nurse.
- This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their symptoms are the same as yours.
- If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or nurse.
In this leaflet:
1. What Flucloxacillin is and what it is used for
2. Before you use Flucloxacillin
3. How you are given Flucloxacillin
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Flucloxacillin
6. Further information
2 - IMPOSTAZIONE GRAFICA/ Graphic drawing up
3 - FORMATO/ Size
4 - INDICAZIONE DEI COLORI/ Colour reference
5 - SPECIFICHE TECNICHE/ Technichal
specifications
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| 1. What Flucloxacillin is and what it is used for |
Flucloxacillin is an antibiotic belonging to the group known as penicillins. Antibiotics are used to kill the bacteria or “germs” which cause infections. Flucloxacillin can be given as an injection or breathed-in using a nebulizer (a device used to give a medicine as a liquid mist).
Flucloxacillin is given to treat:
-skin and soft tissue infections, e.g. boils and abscesses -infected wounds and burns -protection for skin grafts
-infections of the inner and outer ear (Otitis media and externa)
-infected skin conditions, e.g. ulcers, eczema and acne and infection of the skin, usually affecting the face and scalp (Impetigo)
-chest infections such as pneumonia and lung abscess -infection of the sinuses (Sinusitis)
-infection of the pharynx, which is found at the back of the mouth (Pharyngitis)
-infection of the tonsils which are found at the back of the mouth (Tonsillitis)
Flucloxacillin may also be used to treat other infections:
-inside bones (Osteomyelitis)
-within the bowels (Enteritis)
-within the lining of the heart (Endocarditis)
-that cause pain when passing water (Urinary tract infections)
-within the lining of the brain (Meningitis)
-within the blood (Septicaemia)
Flucloxacillin may also be used to prevent infections during major operations such as heart and lung operations or bone and muscle operations.
| 2. Before you use Flucloxacillin |
Do not use Flucloxacillin:
- if you are allergic (hypersensitive) to flucloxacillin
- if you have ever had an allergic (hypersensitive) reaction to penicillin or any other similar antibiotics (called “beta-lactams”)
- i f you have a history of liver problems related to the use of flucloxacillin
Take special care with Flucloxacillin
Tell your doctor before you start using Flucloxacillin if:
- you have liver problems
- you are on a sodium restricted diet
- you are 50 years or over
- you have a serious illness, other than this infection
•You might need regular checks of your liver and kidneys if you take flucloxacillin for a long period of time.
•If you take flucloxacillin for a long time, it may become less effective against some bacteria and you may develop other infections (known as super-infections)
•Newborn babies receiving flucloxacillin may be at a greater risk of jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes).
Taking other medicines:
Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, or have recently taken, any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription.
Flucloxacillin should not be given with:
- blood products such as plasma
- nutritional fluids which are given through a drip
It is especially important to tell your doctor if you are taking:
- probenecid, a drug used for the treatment of gout
- methotrexate, a drug used in the treatment of cancer
- oral contraceptives that contain oestrogen (e.g. the combined pill)
Flucloxacillin may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives that contain oestrogen.
Pregnancy and Breast-feeding:
Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or if you are breast-feeding. Your doctor will decide if you may be given Flucloxacillin.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.
Driving and using machines:
There should be no effect on the ability to drive and operate machinery.
Important information about some of the ingredients of Flucloxacillin:
Flucloxacillin contains sodium (51 mg per gram). This should be taken into consideration if you are on a low sodium diet.
| 3. How to use Flucloxacillin~|
Flucloxacillin is usually given in a hospital by a doctor or nurse as an injection. Your doctor will decide how you are given Flucloxacillin and your dose. The dose you will receive depends upon how you are given flucloxacillin and the condition being treated. Flucloxacillin should not be
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4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy: Animal studies with flucloxacillin have shown no teratogenic effects. The product has been in clinical use since 1970 and the limited number of reported cases of use in human pregnancy have shown no evidence of untoward effect. The use of flucloxacillin in pregnancy should be reserved for cases considered essential by the clinician.
Lactation: During lactation, trace quantities of penicillins can be detected in breast milk. Consequently, the possibility of hypersensitivity reactions must be considered in breast-feeding infants. Therefore, flucloxacillin should only be administered to a breast-feeding mother when the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks associated with the treatment.
4.7 Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines
None
4.8 Undesirable Effects
Side-effects, as with other penicillins, are uncommon and mainly of a mild and transitory nature.
Gastrointestinal:
Gastrointestinal upsets (eg nausea, diarrhoea) may occur. Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported rarely and has usually been associated with the use of flucloxacillin in combination with other antibiotics.
Hepatic:
Very rare: Hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice (see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use). Changes in liver function laboratory test results (reversible when treatment is discontinued).
These reactions are related neither to the dose nor to the route of administration. The onset of these effects may be delayed for up to two months post-treatment: in several cases, the course of the reactions has been protracted and lasted for some months. Hepatic events may be severe and in very rare circumstances a fatal outcome has been reported. Most reports of deaths have been in patients > 50 years and in patients with serious underlying disease.
Hypersensitivity reactions:
Rashes have been reported. In common with other ^-lactam antibiotics angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported. Delayed onset reactions (e.g. fever, arthralgia, myalgia) may sometimes occur, developing more than 48 hours after the start of treatment. Interstitial nephritis has been reported rarely. If any hypersensitivity reaction occurs, the treatment should be discontinued.
CNS
Neurological disorders, e.g. convulsions, may be associated with IV administration of high doses to patients with underlying renal failure.
Haematological effects:
Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia may occur but are reversible when treatment is discontinued.
4.9 Overdose
Problems of overdosage with flucloxacillin are unlikely to occur; nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may be seen; if encountered they may be treated symptomatically. Flucloxacillin is not removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.
5. Pharmacological Properties
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
Flucloxacillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that is particularly useful against penicillinase-producing staphylococci. Flucloxacillin is a semisynthetic member of the penicillin family. The penicillin nucleus consists of a thiazolidine ring fused with a (3-lactam ring to which is attached a side chain. The side chain determines most of the antibacterial properties of the penicillin in question. Flucloxacillin kills bacteria by interfering in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
Flucloxacillin resists the action of bacterial penicillinase probably because of the steric hindrance induced by the acyl side chain which prevents the opening of the 3-lactam ring.
Flucloxacillin is active against Gram-positive organisms with the exception of Streptococcus faecalis. In general, it is not active against Gram-negative bacilli or anerobes. It is also regarded as not being effective against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Flucloxacillin has been reported to have a plasma half-life of approximately 1 hour. The half-life is prolonged in neonates. About 95% of flucloxacillin in the circulation is bound to plasma proteins.
Flucloxacillin is metabolised to a limited extent and the unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine by glomerular filtration and the renal tubular secretion. About 50% of a dose by mouth and up to 90% of an intramuscular dose is excreted in the urine within 6 hours. Only small amounts are excreted in the bile. Flucloxacillin is not removed by haemodialysis.
5.3 Preclinical Safety Data
There are no pre-clinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are additional to that already included in other sections of the SPC.
6. Pharmaceutical Particulars
6.1 List of Excipients
None
6.2 Incompatibilities
Flucloxacillin should not be mixed with blood products or other proteinaceous fluids (eg protein hydrolysates) or with intravenous lipid emulsions.
It is advisable not to combine flucloxacillin with other drugs in solution for parenteral administration.
If flucloxacillin is prescribed concurrently with an aminoglycoside, the two antibiotics should not be mixed in the syringe, intravenous fluid container or giving set as precipitation may occur.
6.3 Shelf Life
36 months
6.4 Special Precautions for Storage
Do not store above 25°C. Keep container in outer carton.
From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and would normally not be longer than 24 hours at 2-8°C, unless re-constitution / dilution has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.
6.5 Nature and Contents of Container
Type III uncoloured glass vials with rubber stoppers.
Packs of 5, 10, 50, 100
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Flucloxacillin may be added to most intravenous fluids (eg Water for Injections, sodium chloride 0.9%, glucose 5%, sodium chloride 0.18% with glucose 4%).
Reconstitution of flucloxacillin injections and preparation of flucloxacillin infusion solutions must be carried out under appropriate aseptic conditions if the extended storage periods are required.
Flucloxacillin vials are not suitable for multidose use. Any residual flucloxacillin should be discarded.
LB08GBFCX00
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5 - SPECIFICHE TECNICHE/ Technichal
specifications
combined with other drugs in the same syringe.
It is important to tell the doctor about any of your medical conditions, so that your doctor can ensure that the injection is administered properly.
The usual dose is:
Adults and elderly
Injections into the muscle (Intramuscular)
- 250 mg of Flucloxacillin four times a day
Injections into a vein (Intravenous)
- 250 mg to 1g of Flucloxacillin four times a day
The dose may be doubled for certain serious infections, when necessary.
For treatment of infections inside the bones (osteomyelitis) or infections inside the heart (endocarditis) the amount of flucloxacillin may be increased up to 8 g each day, and given in equal doses every six to eight hours.
Prevention of infection during operations
- between 1 g to 2 g, given into a vein, just as you receive your anaesthetic. A further dose of 500 mg every six hours will be given for up to 72 hours.
Flucloxacillin may be given in other ways when you are receiving other treatments at the same time. These are:
- into the lining of the lung (intrapleural injections) - 250 mg once daily.
- breathing the drug in through a mask (by nebuliser) - 125 to 250 mg four times a day.
- into an artery (intra-articular injections) - 250 to 500 mg once daily.
Flucloxacillin should not be given into the eye
Children aged 2-10 years
- half the adult dose
Children under 2 years
- one quarter of the adult dose
If you use more Flucloxacillin than you should
Your doctor or nurse will know how much to give you. If you think you have been given too much Flucloxacillin you should talk to your nurse or doctor.
If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
| 4. Possible side effects
Like all medicines, Flucloxacillin can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
If the following happen tell your doctor or nurse immediately:
- an allergic reaction e.g. if you have difficulty in breathing, swelling of the eyelids, face or lips, rash or itching especially affecting your whole body (angioedema and anaphylaxis)
- yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice or hepatitis)
These are very serious side effects and may occur up to 48 hours after treatment. Treatment should be stopped and you may need urgent medical attention.
Tell your doctor if you experience any of the following as treatment may be discontinued:
- fever
- joint pain
- aching muscles, muscle tenderness or weakness, not caused by exercise
- convulsions
- problems with your blood, which may cause you to bruise or bleed easily
- severe diarrhoea, which may also be bloody
The following side effects have also been reported:
- nausea
- diarrhoea
If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.
| 5. How to store Flucloxacillin |
Your doctor or pharmacist will know how to store Flucloxacillin.
Flucloxacillin must be stored below 25°C and kept in the original carton.
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.
Do not use Flucloxacillin after the expiry date, which is stated on the label. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.
| 6. Further information |
What Flucloxacillin contains:
The active substance is Flucloxacillin Sodium.
What Flucloxacillin Injection looks like and contents of the pack
- Flucloxacillin Injection comes in Type III uncoloured glass vials with rubber stoppers.
- It is available in pack sizes of 5, 10, 50 and 100 vials.
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer:
Marketing Authorisation Holder:
Villerton Invest S.A.
40, Avenue Monterey L-2163 Luxembourg Manufacturer:
Mitim S.r.l
Via Cacciamali 34-36-38 25125 Brescia Italy
and
BIOPHARMA S.r.l.
Via delle Gerbere 22/30 00134 Santa Palomba (Roma)
Distributor in the UK:
Flynn Pharma Ltd Alton House 4 Herbert Street Dublin 2 Ireland
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This leaflet was last updated in October 2011 K194700
PL 24780/0013-0015
and IBI Istituto Biochimico Italiano G. Lorenzini S.p.A.,
Via di Fossignano, 2 04011 Aprilia (LT) - Italy