Monosol-K With 4meq Potassium/L
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Monosol-K with 4mEq Potassium/l
Solution for haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
|
Composition in g/l | |
|
Glucose monohydrate |
1.1 g/l |
|
Sodium chloride |
6.43 g/l |
|
Potassium chloride |
0.298 g/l |
|
Calcium chloride (2H2O) |
0.257 g/l |
|
Magnesium chloride (6H2O) |
0.152 g/l |
|
Sodium lactate |
3.36 g/l |
|
Composition in mmol/l | |
|
Sodium |
140 mmol/l |
|
Potassium |
4 mmol/l |
|
Magnesium |
0.75 mmol/l |
|
Calcium |
1.75 mmol/l |
|
Chloride |
119 mmol/l |
|
Lactate |
30 mmo/l |
|
Glucose |
5.55 mmol/l |
Osmolarity 301 mOsm/l
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Solution for haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration and haemofiltration. Monosol-K with 4 mEq Potassium/l is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, clear solution.
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1
Therapeutic Indications
As substitution solution in continuous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration and as dialysis solution in continuous hemodialysis and haemodiafiltration for acute renal failure.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Substitution fluid may be infused either in pre or post-dilutional mode, according to the physicians prescription. The amount of substitution fluid is determined so as to ensure a proper negative balance, according to each individual case, between the fluids infused and the fluids lost by ultrafiltration.
The solution can be used as a dialysate fluid with any type of dialysis membrane or fluid with any type of dialysis membrane or hemofilter.
Dialysate fluid must be properly circulated from dialysate inlet to dialysate outlet, as in conventional haemodialysis. The usual dialysate flow rate in CAVHD or CVVHD is much lower than in conventional dialysis, ranging from 15 ml/min to 30 ml/min.
ADMINISTRATION
- Haemodialysis: via the dialysis compartment of the dialyser
- Haemofiltration: via the arterial or venous blood line
4.3 Contra-Indications
Solution dependent contra-indications
- Hyperkalaemia,
- Severe metabolic acidosis,
- Impaired metabolism of lactate.
Haemofiltration / haemodialysis dependent contra-indication
- Inadequate blood flow from vascular access,
- All states with elevated risk of haemorrhage on account of systemic anticoagulation.
4.4 Special Warnings and Special Precautions for Use
- These solutions are to be used only by or under the direction of a physician who should have a sound experience of intensive care nursing and/or haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration techniques.
- When using high volumes of fluid, either as a replacement fluid or dialysate, consideration should be given to the fact that the lactate uptake to blood may exceed the metabolic capabilities to convert it into bicarbonate.
Very special care must be devoted to ensuring proper fluid balance. An accurate fluid balance record must be kept and the weight of the patient must be closely monitored to avoid fluid balance problems which may lead to life-threatening complications such as congestive heart failure or hypovolaemic shock due to excessive volume depletion.
Close monitoring of kalaemia must be performed to enable selection of the appropriate potassium concentration and thus avoid hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia.
Special attention must be paid to acid-base equilibrium, especially in those patients with liver impairment and cardiogenic shock. Serum lactate and pH must be closely monitored.
Glycaemia, phosphataemia, calcaemia and magnesaemia should also be frequently monitored, together with the levels of urea and other waste products.
Care should be taken when the solution is used in patients with hypercatabolism associated with acute renal failure, hepatic insufficiency with lactate acidosis and serious cardiac insufficiency.
Due to the fact that the solution may be infused into the blood path of the extracorporeal circuit, special care must be devoted to keeping the infusion path sterile. The dialysate circuit must also be kept sterile, since backfiltration may easily occur in CAVHD, CVVHD, CAVHDF and CVVHDF.
4.5 Interaction with other Medicinal Products and other Forms of Interaction
When prescribing the solution to be used for an individual patient, consideration should be given to the potential interaction, between treatment with Monosol and therapy directed at other existing illnesses. For example: rapid potassium removal may create arrhythmias in cardiac patients using digitalis or similar drugs; digitalis toxicity may be masked by elevated potassium or magnesium, and by hypocalcaemia. Correction of electrolytes may precipitate signs and symptoms of digitalis excess. Conversely, toxicity may occur at suboptimal doses of digitalis if potassium is low or calcium is high.
Chloride plasma levels should be monitored as the chloride concentration in the solution is higher than in normal plasma.
Diabetics require careful monitoring of insulin requirements during and following treatment with glucose containing solutions.
4.6 Pregnancy and Lactation
The safety of these solutions for use in human pregnancy has not been established. These solutions should only be administered to pregnancy women if clearly needed.
4.7 Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines
Not applicable.
4.8 Undesirable effects
The undesirable effects below listed reflect the type of undesirable effects that may be reported with haemofiltration or haemodialysis solutions
|
System Organ Class |
Preferred Term |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Electrolyte imbalance |
|
Fluid imbalance | |
|
Hypervolaemia | |
|
Hypovolaemia | |
|
Vascular disorders |
Hypertension |
|
Hypotension | |
|
Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders |
Muscle cramping |
4.9 Overdose
The infusion rate of the substitution fluid should be properly prescribed in order to obtain an appropriate fluid, electrolyte and acid/base balance and to avoid fluid overload.
5.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties
Haemodialytics and Haemofiltrates (B05Z)
As dialysates, the solutions remove metabolic waste products and help to manage serum electrolyte and /or fluid imbalances during continuous renal replacement therapies in the treatment of acute renal failure. As a replacement fluid the solution serves as an alkalinising agent and provides a continuous source of water for hydration, electrolytes and calories.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties
Insignificant amounts of the solutions are absorbed by patients utilising them as dialysates. There is only an exchange between the dialysate and the patient’s serum resulting in the removal of excess body fluid, electrolytes and metabolic waste products.
Solution used to adjust blood volume is absorbed directly into the blood stream where each component of the solution is essential in the maintenance of homeostasis.
Most of the components of the solution are excreted predominantly in the urine; consequently, during acute renal failure, normal extracellular fluid levels of each product component must be maintained through the use of continuous renal replacement therapies. Lactate is a biological precursor of bicarbonate.
5.3 Pre-clinical Safety Data
All ingredients are physiological components in animal and human plasma. Within the therapeutic dosage range toxic effects are not to be expected under the condition of clinical application.
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS 6.1 List of Excipients
Water for Injections
6.2 Incompatibilities
- Additives should not be added to the solution when acting as a dialysate fluid.
- Additives may be added to the solution when acting as a substitution fluid, but only those additives for which compatibility has been documented should been used.
- Never add bicarbonate to the solution as precipitation of calcium and magnesium carbonate will occur.
- Bicarbonate solutions, if required, must be infused separately.
6.3 Shelf-Life
The shelf life is 2 years in the overpouch. The product, once removed from its individual overpouch, should be used immediately.
6.4 Special Precautions for Storage
Do not store above 25°C. Do not refrigerate or freeze.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
The solution is packaged in flexible plasticised (poly vinyl chloride) bags of 5000ml size, containing 5000ml of solution. Each unit is sealed inside a high density polyethylene overpouch.
Pack size:
Each box contains two single 5L bags.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
- Follow directions of attending physician and package leaflet accompanying the product.
- Remove the container from the overwrap.
- Check for minute leaks by squeezing the bag firmly. If leaks are found discard the solution as sterility may be impaired. Occasionally condensation does occur between the overpouch and the bag due to the manufacturing process and is not necessarily indicative of a leak. In
addition, do not use the solution if the fluid is cloudy or the blue tip protector is missing.
- If the resealable rubber plug on the medication port is missing or partially removed, do not use product if medication is to be added.
- Once the bag has been removed from the overpouch, it should be used immediately.
- Remove the blue tip protector from the port, hang the bag onto either a drip stand or weighing scales (if using an automated machine) and insert the giving set into the bag.
- The product is for single use only.
- Discard any damaged or partially used container.
7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Baxter Healthcare Ltd.,
Caxton Way,
Thetford,
Norfolk,
England IP24 3SE
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 0116/0250
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
08/06/2008
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
08/06/2008