Salamol Steri-Neb 5mg/2.5ml Nebuliser Solution
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Salamol Steri-Neb 5mg/2.5ml Nebuliser Solution
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each Steri-Neb (ampoule) contains Salbutamol Sulfate BP equivalent to salbutamol
0.2%w/v
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Nebuliser solution.
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1. Therapeutic indications
Salamol Steri-Neb is indicated in adults, adolescents and children, see section 4.2
Salbutamol is a selective p2-agonist providing short-acting (4-6 hour) bronchodilation with a fast onset (within 5 minutes) in reversible airways obstruction.
Salamol Steri-Neb is indicated for use in the routine management of chronic bronchospasm unresponsive to conventional therapy and the treatment of acute severe asthma.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Salamol Steri-Neb is for inhalation use only, to be breathed in through the mouth, under the direction of a physician, using a suitable nebuliser.
The solution should not be injected or swallowed.
Adults: The usual dose is 2.5 mg given up to three to four times a day by a nebuliser. This may be increased to 5 mg up to three to four times a day if necessary. Up to 40mg per day can
be given under strict medical supervision in hospital.
However, in domiciliary practice the benefits of increasing the dose of nebulised salbutamol sulfate should be weighted against the risk that a deterioration in the patients underlying condition may be masked. In such circumstances a medical assessment should be considered since alternative therapy may be indicated.
Paediatric Population
Children aged 12 years and over: Dose as per adult population.
Children aged 4 to 12 years: 2.5mg to 5mg up to four times a day.
Children 18 months to 4 years: 2.5mg up to four times a day. The dose may be increased to 5mg if necessary, but medical assessment should be considered since alternative therapy may be indicated.
Infants under 18 months old: 1.25mg (0.25mg/kg) to 2.5mg up to four times a day. As transient hypoxaemia may occur supplemental oxygen therapy should be considered. Clinical efficacy of nebulised salbutamol in infants under 18 months is uncertain..
Other pharmaceutical forms may be more appropriate for administration in children under 4 years old.
Older People: The same dosage as for other adults.
Delivery of the aerosol may be by face mask or ‘T’ piece.
Salamol Steri-Neb should be used undiluted. However, if a delivery time in excess of 10 minutes is required they should be diluted with Sodium Chloride Injection BP.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance(s) or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
Although some forms of salbutamol sulfate have been used for the management of premature labour, Salamol Steri-Neb should not be used for this purpose.
Salamol Steri-Neb should not be used in threatened abortion.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Salamol Steri-Neb is for use with a nebuliser under the direction of a physician. The solution should not be injected or administered orally. Patients who use Salamol Steri-Neb at home should be warned that if their usual dose is less effective or its duration of action reduced they should not increase either the dose or frequency of treatment but should consult their doctor.
Bronchodilators should not be the only or main treatment in patients with severe or unstable asthma. Severe asthma requires regular medical assessment, including lung function testing, as patients are at risk of severe attacks and even death. Physicians should consider using the maximum recommended dose of inhaled corticosteroid and/or oral corticosteroid therapy in these patients.
Patients being treated with Salamol Steri-Neb may also be receiving other dosage forms of short-acting inhaled bronchodilators to relieve symptoms. Increasing use of bronchodilators, in particular short-acting inhaled p2-agonists to relieve symptoms, indicates deterioration of asthma control. The patient should be instructed to seek medical advice if short-acting relief bronchodilator treatment becomes less effective or more inhalations than usual are required. In this situation patients should be assessed and consideration given to the need for increased anti-inflammatory therapy (e.g. higher doses of inhaled corticosteroid or a course of oral corticosteroid).
Severe exacerbations of asthma must be treated in the normal way.
The use of nebulised anticholinergic agents and nebulised salbutamol sulfate in combination has been reported to precipitate acute angle closure glaucoma. This combination should be used with caution when giving nebuliser therapy to patients with actual or potential glaucoma.
The patient should receive adequate instruction in correct administration and be warned not to allow the solution or mist to enter the eyes.
Salamol Steri-Neb should be used with caution in patients with thyrotoxicosis or in patients known to have received large doses of other sympathomimetic drugs, including Salbutamol.
Cardiovascular effects may be seen with sympathomimetic drugs, including salbutamol. There is some evidence from post-marketing data and published literature of rare occurrences of myocardial ischaemia associated with salbutamol. Patients with underlying severe heart disease (e.g. ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmia or severe heart failure) who are receiving salbutamol should be warned to seek medical advice if they experience chest pain or other symptoms of worsening heart disease. Attention should be paid to assessment of symptoms such as dyspnoea and chest pain, as they may be of either respiratory or cardiac origin.
In common with other P-adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol can induce reversible metabolic changes such as increased blood glucose levels. Diabetic patients may be unable to compensate for the increase in blood glucose and the development of ketoacidosis has been reported. Concurrent administration of corticosteroids can exaggerate this effect.
Lactic acidosis has been reported in association with high therapeutic doses of intravenous and nebulised short-acting P-agonist therapy, mainly in patients being treated for an acute asthma exacerbation (see Section 4.8). Increase in lactate levels may lead to dyspnoea and compensatory hyperventilation, which could be misinterpreted as a sign of asthma treatment failure and lead to inappropriate intensification of short-acting P-agonist treatment. It is therefore recommended that patients are monitored for the development of elevated serum lactate and consequent metabolic acidosis in this setting.
As with other inhalation therapy, the potential for paradoxical bronchospasm should be considered. If it occurs the preparation should be discontinued immediately and alternative therapy given. Solutions which are not of neutral pH may rarely cause paradoxical bronchospasm in some patients. Salbutamol and non-selective beta blocking drugs such as propranolol should not usually be prescribed together.
Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result form P2 agonist therapy, mainly from parenteral and nebulised administration. Particular caution is advised in acute severe asthma as this effect may be potentiated by concomitant treatment with xanthine derivatives, steroids, diuretics and by hypoxia. It is recommended that serum potassium levels are monitored in such situations.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Beta2-agonists and non-selective beta-blocking drugs such as propranolol should not be prescribed together.Hypokalaemia occurring with p2-agonist therapy may be exacerbated by treatment with xanthine derivatives, steroids and diuretics (see section 4.4).
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy:
Administration of drug during pregnancy should only be considered if the expected benefit to the mother is greater than any possible risk to the foetus. Salbutamol has been in widespread use for many years in human beings without apparent ill consequence; this includes its well established use in the management of premature labour. However, as with the majority of drugs, there is little published evidence of its safety in the early stages of human pregnancy but in animal studies there was evidence of some harmful effects on the foetus at very high dose levels.
Breast-feeding:
As salbutamol is probably secreted in breast milk its use in nursing mothers requires careful consideration. It is not known whether salbutamol has a harmful effect on the neonate and so its use should be restricted to situations where it is felt that the expected benefit to the mother is likely to outweigh any potential risk to the neonate.
Fertility
There is no information on the effects of salbutamol on human fertility.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Salamol Steri-Neb has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse events are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common ((> 1/10), Common (>1/100 to <1/10), Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100), Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000) and very rare (<1/10,000). Very common and common events were generally determined from clinical trial data. Rare, very rare and not known events were generally determined from spontaneous data.
Immune system disorders
Very rare: Hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema, urticaria,
bronchospasm, hypotension and collapse
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Rare: Hypokalaemia. Potentially serious hypokalaemia may result from
beta2 agonist therapy.
Not known: Lactic acidosis (see section 4.4)
Nervous system disorders Common: Tremor, headache.
Very rare: Hyperactivity (especially in children).
Cardiac disorders Common: Tachycardia.
Uncommon: Palpitations
Very rare: Cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, supraventricular
tachycardia and extrasystoles Not known: Myocardial ischaemia* (see section 4.4)
Vascular disorders
Rare: Peripheral vasodilatation
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Very rare: Paradoxical bronchospasm.
As with other inhalation therapy, paradoxical bronchospasm may occur with an immediate increase in wheezing after dosing. This should be treated immediately with an alternative presentation or a different fast-acting inhaled bronchodilator. Salamol Steri-Neb should be discontinued immediately, the patient assessed, and, if necessary, alternative therapy instituted.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Uncommon: Mouth and throat irritation
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Uncommon: Muscle cramps, fine tremor of skeletal muscle * reported spontaneously in post-marketing data therefore frequency regarded as unknown.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
The most common signs and symptoms of overdose with salbutamol are transient beta agonist pharmacologically mediated events, including tachycardia, tremor, hyperactivity and metabolic effects including hypokalaemia and lactic acidosis (see sections 4.4 and 4.8).
Hypokalaemia may occur following overdose with salbutamol. Serum potassium levels should be monitored.
Consideration should be given to discontinuation of treatment and appropriate symptomatic therapy such as cardio-selective beta-blocking agents in patients presenting with cardiac symptoms (e.g. tachycardia, palpitations). Beta-blocking drugs should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospasm.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Selective P2 Adrenoreceptor Agonists ATC code: R03AC02
Salbutamol is a selective P2-agonist providing short-acting (4-6 hour) bronchodilatation with a fast onset (within 5 minutes) in reversible airways obstruction. At therapeutic doses it acts on the P2-adrenoceptors of bronchial muscle. With its fast onset of action, it is particularly suitable for the management and prevention of attack in asthma.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Salbutamol administered intravenously has a half-life of 4 to 6 hours and is cleared partly renally and partly by metabolism to the inactive 4'-O-sulphate (phenolic sulphate) which is also excreted primarily in the urine. The faeces are a minor route of excretion. Most of a dose of salbutamol given intravenously, orally or by inhalation is excreted within 72 hours. Salbutamol is bound to plasma proteins to the extent of 10%.
After administration by the inhaled route, between 10 and 20% of the dose reaches the lower airways. The remainder is retained in the delivery system or is deposited in the oropharynx from where it is swallowed. The fraction deposited in the airways is absorbed into the pulmonary tissues and circulation, but is not metabolised by the lung. On reaching the systemic circulation it becomes accessible to hepatic metabolism and is excreted, primarily in the urine, as unchanged drug and as the phenolic sulphate.
The swallowed portion of an inhaled dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes considerable first-pass metabolism to the phenolic sulphate. Both unchanged drug and conjugate are excreted primarily in the urine.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no preclinical data of relevance to the prescriber which are additional to that already including in other sections of the SPC.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium Chloride Dilute Sulfuric Acid Water for Injections
6.2 Incompatibilities
None Known
6.3 Shelf life
24 months
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store below 25°C. Do not refrigerate or freeze. Protect from light.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
A unit dose blow moulded hermetically sealed plastic (ampoule) Steri-Neb containing 2.5ml of solution. Strips of 5Steri-Nebs are packed into foil laminate pouches which are then packed into boxes. Salamol 5.0mg Steri-Neb is available in boxes containing 20 and 100 (ampoules) Steri-Neb.
6.6. Special precautions for disposal and other handling
Salamol 5.0 mg Steri-Neb should be administered from a power operated nebuliser via a face mask or mouthpiece.
Salamol 5.0mg Steri-Neb is intended to be used undiluted. However, if prolonged delivery time is desirable (more than 10mins) dilution with normal saline for injection maybe required.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Norton Healthcare Limited T/A IVAX Pharmaceuticals UK
Ridings Point
Whistler Drive
Castleford
West Yorkshire
WF10 5HX
United Kingdom
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 00530/0693
9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
1 January 2004
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
28/10/2016