Solifenacin 10 Mg Film-Coated Tablets

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Solifenacin 10 mg film-coated tablets

2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Each film-coated tablet contains 10 mg of solifenacin succinate

Excipient with known effect: Each film-coated tablet contains 127.85 mg lactose monohydrate.

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Film-coated tablet.

Light pink colored, round shaped [diameter: 7.6 mm], biconvex, film coated tablets, debossed with ‘CC’ on one side and ‘32’ on the other side.

4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Therapeutic indications

Symptomatic treatment of urge incontinence and/or increased urinary frequency and urgency as may occur in patients with overactive bladder syndrome.

4.2 Posology and method of administration Posology

Adults, including the elderly

The recommended dose is 5 mg solifenacin succinate once daily. If needed, the dose may be increased to 10 mg solifenacin succinate once daily.

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of solifenacin in children have not yet been established. Therefore, Solifenacin should not be used in children.

Patients with renal impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance > 30 ml/min). Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) should be treated with caution and receive no more than 5 mg once daily (see Section 5.2).

Patients with hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment. Patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child Pugh score of 7 to 9) should be treated with caution and receive no more than 5 mg once daily (see Section 5.2).

Potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4

The maximum dose of solifenacin should be limited to 5 mg when treated simultaneously with ketoconazole or therapeutic doses of other potent CYP3A4 inhibitors e.g. ritonavir, nelfinavir, itraconazole (see Section 4.5).

Method of administration

Solifenacin should be taken orally and should be swallowed whole with liquids. It can be taken with or without food.

4.3 Contraindications

Solifenacin is contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, severe gastrointestinal condition (including toxic megacolon), myasthenia gravis or narrow angle glaucoma and in patients at risk for these conditions.

- Patients hypersensitive to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

- Patients undergoing haemodialysis (see Section 5.2).

- Patients with severe hepatic impairment (see Section 5.2).

- Patients with severe renal impairment or moderate hepatic impairment and who are on treatment with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, e.g. ketoconazole (see Section 4.5)

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Other causes of frequent urination (heart failure or renal disease) should be assessed before treatment with solifenacin. If urinary tract infection is present, an appropriate antibacterial therapy should be started. solifenacin should be used with caution in patients with:

- Clinically significant bladder outflow obstruction at risk of urinary retention.

- Gastrointestinal obstructive disorders.

- Risk of decreased gastrointestinal motility.

- Severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min see Section 4.2 and 5.2), and doses should not exceed 5 mg for these patients.

- Moderate hepatic impairment (Child Pugh score of 7 to 9; see Section 4.2 and 5.2), and doses should not exceed 5 mg for these patients.

- Concomitant use of a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, e.g. ketoconazole (see 4.2 and 4.5).

- Hiatus hernia/gastro oesophageal reflux and/or who are concurrently taking medicinal products (such as bisphosphonates) that can cause or exacerbate oesophagitis.

- Autonomic neuropathy.

QT prolongation and Torsade de Pointes have been observed in patients with risk factors, such as preexisting long QT syndrome and hypokalaemia.

Safety and efficacy have not yet been established in patients with a neurogenic cause for detrusor over activity.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.

Angioedema with airway obstruction has been reported in some patients on solifenacin succinate. If angioedema occurs, solifenacin succinate should be discontinued and appropriate therapy and/or measures should be taken.

Anaphylactic reaction has been reported in some patients treated with solifenacin succinate. In patients who develop anaphylactic reactions, solifenacin succinate should be discontinued and appropriate therapy and/or measures should be taken.

The maximum effect of solifenacin can be determined after 4 weeks at the earliest.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Pharmacological interactions

Concomitant medication with other medicinal products with anticholinergic properties may result in more pronounced therapeutic effects and undesirable effects. An interval of approximately one week should be allowed after stopping treatment with solifenacin, before commencing other anticholinergic therapy. The therapeutic effect of solifenacin may be reduced by concomitant administration of cholinergic receptor agonists. Solifenacin can reduce the effect of medicinal products that stimulate the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, such as metoclopramide and cisapride.

Pharmacokinetic interactions

In vitro studies have demonstrated that at therapeutic concentrations, solifenacin does not inhibit CYP1A1/2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 3A4 derived from human liver microsomes. Therefore, solifenacin is unlikely to alter the clearance of drugs metabolised by these CYP enzymes.

Effect of other medicinal products on the pharmacokinetics of solifenacin

Solifenacin is metabolised by CYP3A4. Simultaneous administration of ketoconazole (200 mg/day), a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, resulted in a twofold increase of the AUC of solifenacin, while ketoconazole at a dose of 400 mg/day resulted in a threefold increase of the AUC of solifenacin. Therefore, the maximum dose of solifenacin should be restricted to 5mg, when used simultaneously with ketoconazole or therapeutic doses of other potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir, nelfinavir, itraconazole) (see Section 4.2).

Simultaneous treatment of solifenacin and a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment or moderate hepatic impairment.

The effects of enzyme induction on the pharmacokinetics of solifenacin and its metabolites have not been studied as well as the effect of higher affinity CYP3A4 substrates on solifenacin exposure. Since solifenacin is metabolised by CYP3A4, pharmacokinetic interactions are possible with other CYP3A4 substrates with higher affinity (e.g. verapamil, diltiazem) and CYP3A4 inducers (e.g. rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepin).

Effect of solifenacin on the pharmacokinetics of other medicinal products Oral Contraceptives

Intake of solifenacin showed no pharmacokinetic interaction of solifenacin on combined oral contraceptives (ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel).

Warfarin

Intake of solifenacin did not alter the pharmacokinetics of R-warfarin or S warfarin or their effect on prothrombin time.

Digoxin

Intake of solifenacin showed no effect on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin.

4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

No clinical data are available from women who became pregnant while taking solifenacin. Animal studies do not indicate direct harmful effects on fertility, embryonal / foetal development or parturition (see Section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown. Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.

Breastfeeding

No data on the excretion of solifenacin in human milk are available. In mice, solifenacin and/or its metabolites was excreted in milk, and caused a dose dependent failure to thrive in neonatal mice (see Section 5.3). The use of solifenacin should therefore be avoided during breastfeeding.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Since solifenacin, like other anticholinergics may cause blurred vision, and, uncommonly, somnolence and fatigue (see section 4.8. undesirable effects), the ability to drive and use machines may be negatively affected.

4.8 Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile

Due to the pharmacological effect of solifenacin, solifenacin may cause anticholinergic undesirable effects of (in general) mild or moderate severity. The frequency of anticholinergic undesirable effects is dose related. The most commonly reported adverse reaction with solifenacin was dry mouth. It occurred in 11% of patients treated with 5 mg once daily, in 22% of patients treated with 10 mg once daily and in 4% of placebo treated patients. The severity of dry mouth was generally mild and did only occasionally lead to discontinuation of treatment. In general, medicinal product compliance was very high (approximately 99%) and approximately 90% of the patients treated with solifenacin completed the full study period of 12 weeks treatment.

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

MedDRA system organ class	Very common >1/10	Common >1/100, <1/10	Uncommon >1/1000, <1/100	Rare >1/10000, <1/1000	Very rare <1/10,000	Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)
Infections and infestations			Urinary tract infection Cystitis
Immune system disorders						Anaphylactic reaction*
Metabolism and nutrition disorders						Decreased appetite* Hyperkalaemia _*
Psychiatric disorders					Hallucinatio ns* Confusional state*	Delirium*
Nervous system disorders			Somnolence Dysgeusia	Dizziness* Headache*
Eye disorders		Blurred vision	Dry eyes			Glaucoma*
Cardiac disorders						Torsade de Pointes* Electrocardiog ram QT prolonged*

						Atrial fibrillation* Palpitations* Tachycardia*
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders			Nasal dryness			Dysphonia*
Gastro intestinal disorders	Dry mouth	Constipati on Nausea Dyspepsia Abdomina l Pain	Gastrooesop hageal reflux diseases Dry throat	Colonic obstruction Faecal impaction, Vomiting*		Ileus* Abdominal discomfort*
Hepatobiliary disorders						Liver disorder* Liver function test abnormal*
Skin and Sub cutaneous tissue disorders			Dry skin	Pruritus, Rash	Erythema multiforme* , Urticaria* Angioedem a*	Exfoliative dermatitis*
Musculo skeletal and connective tissue disorders						Muscular weakness*
Renal and urinary disorders			Difficulty in micturition	Urinary retention		Renal impairment*
General disorders and administratio n site conditions			Fatigue Peripheral oedema

*observed post marketing

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

4.9 Overdose

Symptoms

Over dosage with solifenacin succinate can potentially result in severe anticholinergic effects. The highest dose of solifenacin succinate accidentally given to a single patient was 280 mg in a 5 hour period, resulting in mental status changes not requiring hospitalization.

Treatment

In the event of overdose with solifenacin succinate the patient should be treated with activated charcoal. Gastric lavage is useful if performed within 1 hour, but vomiting should not be induced.

As for other anticholinergics, symptoms can be treated as follows:

- Severe central anticholinergic effects such as hallucinations or pronounced excitation: treat with physostigmine or carbachol.

- Convulsions or pronounced excitation: treat with benzodiazepines.

- Respiratory insufficiency: treat with artificial respiration.

- Tachycardia: treat with betablockers.

- Urinary retention: treat with catheterisation.

- Mydriasis: treat with pilocarpine eye drops and/or place patient in dark room.

As with other antimuscarinics, in case of overdosing, specific attention should be paid to patients with known risk for QT prolongation (i.e.hypokalaemia, bradycardia and concurrent administration of medicinal products known to prolong QT interval) and relevant preexisting cardiac diseases (i.e. myocardial ischaemia, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure).

5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Urinary antispasmodics, ATC code: G04B D08.

Mechanism of action

Solifenacin is a competitive, specific cholinergic receptor antagonist.

The urinary bladder is innervated by parasympathetic cholinergic nerves. Acetylcholine contracts the detrusor smooth muscle through muscarinic receptors of which the M3 subtype is predominantly involved. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies indicate that solifenacin is a competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic M3 subtype receptor. In addition, solifenacin showed to be a specific antagonist for muscarinic receptors by displaying low or no affinity for various other receptors and ion channels tested.

Pharmacodynamic effects

Treatment with Solifenacin in doses of 5 mg and 10 mg daily was studied in several double blind, randomised, controlled clinical trials in men and women with overactive bladder.

As shown in the table below, both the 5 mg and 10 mg doses of Solifenacin produced statistically significant improvements in the primary and secondary endpoints compared with placebo. Efficacy was observed within one week of starting treatment and stabilises over a period of 12 weeks. A long term open label study demonstrated that efficacy was maintained for at least 12 months. After 12 weeks of treatment approximately 50% of patients suffering from incontinence before treatment were free of incontinence episodes, and in addition 35% of patients achieved a micturition frequency of less than 8 micturitions per day. Treatment of the symptoms of overactive bladder also results in a benefiton a number of Quality of Life measures, such as general health perception, incontinence impact, role limitations, physical limitations, social limitations, emotions, symptom severity, severity measures and sleep/energy.

Results (pooled data) of four controlled Phase 3 studies with treatment duration of 12 weeks.

	Placebo	Solifenacin 5 mg o.d.	Solifenacin 10 mgo.d.	Tolterodine 2 mg b.i.d.
No. of micturitions/24 h
Mean baseline	11.9	12.1	11.9	12.1
Mean reduction from baseline	1.4	2.3	2.7	1.9
% change from baseline	(12%)	(19%)	(23%)	(16%)
n	1138	552	1158	250
pvalue*		<0.001	<0.001	0.004
No. of urgency episodes/24 h
Mean baseline	6.3	5.9	6.2	5.4
Mean reduction from baseline	2.0	2.9	3.4	2.1
% change from baseline	(32%)	(49%)	(55%)	(39%)
n	1124	548	1151	250
pvalue*		<0.001	<0.001	0.031
No. of incontinence episodes/24		i
Mean baseline	2.9	2.6	2.9	2.3
Mean reduction from baseline	1.1	1.5	1.8	1.1
% change from baseline	(38%)	(58%)	(62%)	(48%)
n	781	314	778	157
pvalue*		<0.001	<0.001	0.009
No. of nocturia e	pisodes/24 h
Mean baseline	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.9
Mean reduction from baseline	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5
% change from baseline	(22%)	(30%)	(33%)	(26%)
n	1005	494	1035	232
pvalue*		0.025	<0.001	0.199
Volume voided/micturition

Mean baseline	166 ml	146 ml	163 ml	147 ml
Mean increase from baseline	9 ml	32 ml	43 ml	24 ml
% change from baseline	(5%)	(21%)	(26%)	(16%)
n	1135	552	1156	250
p-value*		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
No. of pads/24 h
Mean baseline	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.7
Mean reduction from baseline	0.8	1.3	1.3	1.0
% change from baseline	(27%)	(46%)	(48%)	(37%)
n	238	236	242	250
p-value*		<0.001	<0.001	0.010

Note: In 4 of the pivotal studies, solifenacin 10 mg and placebo were used. In 2 out of the 4 studies also solifenacin 5 mg was used and one of the studies included tolterodine 2 mg bid.

Not all parameters and treatment groups were evaluated in each individual study. Therefore, the numbers of patients listed may deviate per parameter and treatment group.

* P-value for the pair wise comparison to placebo

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Absorption

After intake of solifenacin tablets, maximum solifenacin plasma concentrations (C_max) are reached after 3 to 8 hours. The t_max is independent of the dose. The C_max and area under the curve (AUC) increase in proportion to the dose between 5 to 40 mg. Absolute bioavailability is approximately 90%. Food intake does not affect the C_maxand AUC of solifenacin.

Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of solifenacin following intravenous administration is about 600L. Solifenacin is to a great extent (approximately 98%) bound to plasma proteins, primarily odacid glycoprotein.

Biotransformation

Solifenacin is extensively metabolised by the liver, primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, alternative metabolic pathways exist, that can contribute to the metabolism of solifenacin. The systemic clearance of solifenacin is about 9.5 L/h and the terminal half life of solifenacin is 45-68hours. After oral dosing, one pharmacologically active (4R-hydroxy solifenacin) and three inactive metabolites (N-glucuronide, N-oxide and 4R- hydroxyl -N-oxide of solifenacin) have been identified in plasma in addition to solifenacin.

After a single administration of 10 mg [14Clabelled] solifenacin, about 70% of the radioactivity was detected in urine and 23% in faeces over 26 days. In urine, approximately 11% of the radioactivity is recovered as unchanged active substance; about 18% as the N- oxide metabolite, 9% as the 4R-hydroxy-N-oxide metabolite and 8% as the 4R-hydroxy metabolite (active metabolite).

Linearitv/nonlinearitv

Pharmacokinetics are linear in the therapeutic dose range.

Other special populations

Elderly

No dosage adjustment based on patient age is required. Studies in elderly have shown that the exposure to solifenacin, expressed as the AUC, after administration of solifenacin succinate (5 mg and 10 mg once daily) was similar in healthy elderly subjects (aged 65 through 80 years) and healthy young subjects (aged less than 55 years). The mean rate of absorption expressed as tm_ax was slightly slower in the elderly and the terminal half life was approximately 20% longer in elderly subjects. These modest differences were considered not clinically significant.

The pharmacokinetics of solifenacin has not been established in children and adolescents.

Gender

The pharmacokinetics of solifenacin is not influenced by gender.

Race

The pharmacokinetics of solifenacin is not influenced by race.

Renal impairment

The AUC and C_max of solifenacin in mild and moderate renally impaired patients, was not significantly different from that found in healthy volunteers. In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) exposure to solifenacin was significantly greater than in the controls with increases in C_max of about 30%, AUC of more than 100% and t'A of more than 60%. A statistically significant relationship was observed between creatinine clearance and solifenacin clearance. Pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing haemodialysis have not been studied.

Hepatic impairment

In patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child Pugh score of 7 to 9) the C_max is not affected, AUC increased with 60% and t'A doubled. Pharmacokinetics of solifenacin in patients with severe hepatic impairment have not been studied.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, fertility, embryo fetal development, genotoxicity, and carcinogenic potential. In the pre and postnatal development study

in mice, solifenacin treatment of the mother during lactation caused dose dependent lower postpartum survival rate, decreased pup weight and slower physical development at clinically relevant levels. Dose related increased mortality without preceding clinical signs occurred in juvenile mice treated from day 10 or 21 after birth with doses that achieved a pharmacological effect and both groups had higher mortality compared to adult mice. In juvenile mice treated from postnatal day 10, plasma exposure was higher than in adult mice from postnatal day 21 onwards, the systemic exposure was comparable to adult mice. The clinical implications of the increased mortality in juvenile mice are not known.

6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Tablet core:

Lactose monohydrate Maize starch Hypromellose (5 cp)

Silica colloidal anhydrous Magnesium stearate

Tablet-coating Hypromellose (6 cp)

Macrogol (PEG 4000)

Titanium dioxide (E 171)

Talc

Red iron oxide (E172)

6.2 Incompatibilities

Not applicable.

6.3 Shelf life

2 years

6.4 Special precautions for storage

This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions.

6.5 Nature and contents of container

Solifenacin film-coated tablets are available in clear PVC- Aluminium foil blister pack and white opaque round HDPE container closed with white opaque polypropylene stock ribbed closure.

Blister packs: 10, 30, 50, 60, 70, 90 and 200 film-coated tablets HDPE Packs: 100, 250 and 500 film-coated tablets Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special precautions for disposal

No special requirements.

7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Milpharm Limited

Ares Block, Odyssey Business Park

West End Road

Ruislip HA4 6QD

United Kingdom

8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

PL 16363/0456

9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

16/03/2016

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

16/03/2016